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### Ill and Healthy

**Болен** is a SHORT adjective, like **рад** and **занят** — predicate only, never before a noun. It agrees: **болен** (m), **больна** (f), **больны** (pl).

> *Он **болен**.* — He is ill.

**Здоровый** is its opposite and an ordinary long adjective, so it behaves normally: *здоровый человек*.

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### Health Itself

**Здоровье** is the noun — health. It is neuter, and Russians use it constantly, not least in toasts.

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### At the Doctor

**Температура** means both temperature in general and, on its own, a FEVER:

> *У меня температура.* — I have a temperature.

Russian says this with **у** + genitive, the possession frame you already know — literally "at me a temperature", with no verb at all.

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### *Живот*

**Живот** is the stomach or belly. It is worth knowing early for the doctor's surgery, and it is a false friend for anyone who knows another Slavic language, where the same root means *life*.

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Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Tens to 100

Question	Answer
ill (болен, больна, больны)	болен
I am ill, so I am at home.	Я болен, поэтому я дома.
He is ill and is not working.	Он болен и не работает.
healthy (of a person)	здоровый
My son is healthy.	Мой сын здоровый.
A healthy person is not ill.	Здоровый человек не болен.
health	здоровье
The doctor thinks about health.	Врач думает о здоровье.
Sport is health.	Спорт — это здоровье.
temperature, fever	температура
I have a temperature.	У меня температура.
The temperature is high.	Температура высокая.
stomach, belly	живот
The doctor examines the stomach.	Врач смотрит живот.
This is the stomach, and this is the face.	Это живот, а это лицо.

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