Declension of plural-only nouns

Tools That Only Exist in the Plural

Many tools and implements in Russian are "pluralia tantum"—nouns that only exist in the plural form (like "scissors" or "pliers" in English). Even when referring to a single tool, they take plural endings in all cases.

The Prepositional Case

Plural-only nouns take standard plural Prepositional endings (-ах or -ях).

The part is lying on the workbench in the vise.
Деталь лежит на верстаке в тисках.
Remind the workers about the rake and the pitchfork.
Напомни рабочим о граблях и вилах.

The Genitive Case

In the Genitive case, plural-only tools take one of three typical plural endings, depending on spelling and stress:

  • -ов / -ев: плоскогубцы (плоскогубцев), щипцы (щипцов), тиски (тисков)
  • Zero ending: кусачки (кусачек), опилки (опилок), вилы (вил)
  • -ей: грабли (граблей)

The Instrumental Case

Because these are tools, you will often use the Instrumental case to describe what you are working with. The endings are -ами or -ями.

In the village, they work with a rake and a pitchfork.
В деревне работают граблями и вилами.
The hot metal is lying on the scales, grab it with the tongs!
Горячий металл лежит на весах, бери его щипцами!

The Dative Case

In the Dative plural, the endings are simply -ам or -ям.

He doesn't trust the scales because of a mistake.
Он не доверяет весам из-за ошибки.

Contributors