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To express that something must be done "by" a certain deadline, Russian uses the preposition **к** followed by the Dative case.

### Days of the Week

Apply standard Dative case endings to days of the week:
- Masculine nouns ending in a consonant add **-у** (**понедельник** → **к понедельнику**).
- Feminine nouns ending in **-а** change to **-е** (**среда** → **к среде**).

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If the following word starts with certain consonant clusters, like **вторник** (Tuesday), use **ко** instead of **к** for easier pronunciation (**ко вторнику**).

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### Times of Day and Exact Hours

General times of day also take Dative endings. Masculine words like **обед** (lunch) and **вечер** (evening) take **-у**. The word for noon (**полдень**) changes to **к полудню**.

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For a specific clock time, put both the number and the word for "hours" into the Dative case, such as **к пяти часам** (by five o'clock).

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### Plural Deadlines

If your deadline is a plural noun like the weekend (**выходные**), use the Dative plural ending. Since **выходные** declines like an adjective, it becomes **к выходным**.

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You will frequently see these deadlines paired with project milestone verbs like **завершить** (to complete) or **согласовать** (to approve):

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Deadlines (к)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Question	Answer
to complete (perfective)	завершить
launch	запуск
by (a deadline)	к
We must complete the launch by Wednesday.	Мы должны завершить запуск к среде.
preparation	подготовка
The manager wants to complete the preparation by Monday.	Менеджер хочет завершить подготовку к понедельнику.
to complete	завершать
We usually complete projects by Friday.	Мы обычно завершаем проекты к пятнице.
shipment	отгрузка
We need to finish the shipment by lunchtime.	Нам нужно закончить отгрузку к обеду.
to approve (imperfective)	согласовывать
The colleagues are continuing to approve the contract.	Коллеги продолжают согласовывать договор.
to approve	согласовать
final (adjective)	финальный
layout	макет
You need to approve the final layout by evening.	Тебе надо согласовать финальный макет к вечеру.
We are finishing the work faster.	Мы заканчиваем работу быстрее.
We are finishing approving the documents.	Мы заканчиваем согласовывать документы.
The courier took the box from under the table.	Курьер достал коробку из-под стола.
The designers are finishing the final layouts by Tuesday.	Дизайнеры заканчивают финальные макеты ко вторнику.
I would like to approve the budget by the weekend.	Я хотел бы согласовать бюджет к выходным.
noon	полдень
The director is planning the launch and shipment by noon.	Директор планирует запуск и отгрузку к полудню.
We are completing the preparation by noon.	Мы завершаем подготовку к полудню.
They must finish the project by Monday.	Они должны закончить проект к понедельнику.
I will write the text by Wednesday.	Я напишу текст к среде.
Hand in the report by five o'clock.	Сдайте отчёт к пяти часам.
The manager will check the documents by evening.	Менеджер проверит документы к вечеру.