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### Parts of Speech

Discussing how you are learning a language requires a specific set of vocabulary. Let's start with the basic building blocks of any phrase: **substantivul** (the noun), **adjectivul** (the adjective), and **pronumele** (the pronoun).

To say "both... and..." in Romanian, use the paired conjunctions **atât..., cât și...**.

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### The Sentence Core

The core of any statement revolves around **verbul** (the verb), which functions as **predicatul** (the predicate), and **subiectul** (the subject).

When discussing sentences in Romanian, there is an important distinction to keep in mind. A single clause or simple sentence is called *propoziția*. However, when you join multiple clauses together into a complex sentence, you use the noun **fraza**.

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### Modifiers and Negation

Next, we have modifiers like **adverbul** (the adverb) and punctuation marks like **virgula** (the comma).

To express that "neither... nor..." applies to a situation, use the correlative conjunctions **nici..., nici...**. Because Romanian requires negative concord (double negation), the verb that follows this structure must also be negated using *nu*.

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### Prepositions and Syllables

To complete our overview, we will look at **prepoziția** (the preposition) and learn how to talk about the parts of a word, such as **silaba** (the syllable). 

When you want to describe a rule or concept as relating to grammar, use the adjective **gramatical**.

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Linguistics and Grammar

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
the noun	substantivul
the adjective	adjectivul
Both the noun and the adjective change their form.	Atât substantivul, cât și adjectivul își schimbă forma.
the pronoun	pronumele
The professor explained to us that the pronoun replaces the noun.	Profesoara ne-a explicat că pronumele înlocuiește substantivul.
the verb	verbul
the predicate	predicatul
The verb is always the predicate of the sentence.	Verbul este întotdeauna predicatul propoziției.
the subject (grammar)	subiectul
the complex sentence	fraza
The agreement between the subject and the predicate of the complex sentence is mandatory.	Acordul dintre subiectul și predicatul frazei este obligatoriu.
the comma	virgula
Unfortunately, the student forgot the comma at the end of the complex sentence.	Din păcate, studentul a uitat virgula la sfârșitul frazei.
the adverb	adverbul
Neither the adverb nor the adjective changes the form of the verb.	Nici adverbul, nici adjectivul nu schimbă forma verbului.
Here the pronoun is used as the subject of the sentence.	Aici se folosește pronumele ca subiect al propoziției.
the preposition	prepoziția
The difference between the preposition and the adverb in the text is clear.	Diferența dintre prepoziția și adverbul din text este clară.
the syllable	silaba
She told me that the comma is not placed in the middle of the syllable.	Ea mi-a zis că virgula nu se pune în mijlocul silabei.
grammatical	gramatical
This grammatical rule of the complex sentence is learned at school.	Această regulă gramaticală a frazei se învață la școală.
The grammatical role of the preposition depends on the meaning of the sentence.	Rolul gramatical al prepoziției depinde de sensul propoziției.
This long word has more than five syllables.	Acest cuvânt lung are mai mult de cinci silabe.
My colleague thinks that the subject is always a pronoun.	Colegul meu crede că subiectul este întotdeauna un pronume.
Neither the preposition nor the verb has a single syllable.	Nici prepoziția, nici verbul nu au o singură silabă.