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### The Head and Eyes

Let's learn the basic vocabulary for the upper body, starting with **capul** (the head) and **ochiul** (the eye). Both of these nouns use the definite article **-ul** (the) attached to the end of the word.

When describing your own body, possessive words like **meu** (my) or **tău** (your) always come *after* the noun.

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Notice a quirk of Romanian: when describing someone's physical features, instead of saying they have "a" big head, Romanian usually uses the definite article to say they have "the" big head (**are capul mare**). If you do want to say "a" or "an", the masculine and neuter word is **un**.

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### The Nose and Mouth

Moving down the face, we have **nasul** (the nose) and **gura** (the mouth).

While **nasul** is neuter, **gura** is a feminine noun ending in the definite article **-a**. Because it is feminine, any adjectives or possessive words describing it must also take a feminine form. For example, **meu** becomes **mea**, and **mic** (small) becomes **mică**.

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### Ears and Neck

Next we have **urechea** (the ear) and **gâtul** (the neck).

Just like we use **un** (a/an) for masculine and neuter nouns, we use **o** (a/an) for feminine nouns like **ureche**.

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### The Torso

The word for the body is **corpul**. For the torso, we have **pieptul** (the chest) and **spatele** (the back).

All of these behave as neuter nouns, though you will notice that **spatele** uses the definite article ending **-le** instead of **-ul**. Here we can also see the possessive **lui** (his), which is used for all genders.

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### Hands and Arms

Finally, let's look at **mâna** (the hand) and **brațul** (the arm).

Pay attention to how adjectives change their endings to match the gender of the body part: we use **curată** (clean) for a feminine noun like **mâna**, but **murdar** (dirty) for a neuter noun like **braț**.

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Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Past tense with reflexive verbs (m-am, s-a)

Question	Answer
the head	capul
My head is small.	Capul meu este mic.
The child has a big head.	Copilul are capul mare.
the eye	ochiul
The cat has a blue eye.	Pisica are un ochi albastru.
The doctor sees your eye.	Medicul vede ochiul tău.
the nose	nasul
My nose is red.	Nasul meu este roșu.
The dog has a cold nose.	Câinele are nasul rece.
the mouth	gura
The girl has a small mouth.	Fata are gura mică.
The boy has a dirty mouth.	Băiatul are gura murdară.
the ear	urechea
My ear is red.	Urechea mea este roșie.
The dog has a dirty ear.	Câinele are o ureche murdară.
the neck	gâtul
His neck is clean.	Gâtul lui este curat.
The woman has a beautiful neck.	Femeia are gâtul frumos.
the body	corpul
My body is important.	Corpul meu este important.
His body is big.	Corpul lui este mare.
the chest	pieptul
The man has a big chest.	Bărbatul are pieptul mare.
Your chest is big.	Pieptul tău este mare.
the back	spatele
My back is dirty.	Spatele meu este murdar.
His back is cold.	Spatele lui este rece.
the hand	mâna
My hand is clean.	Mâna mea este curată.
The woman has a small hand.	Femeia are o mână mică.
the arm	brațul
His arm is big.	Brațul lui este mare.
The boy has a dirty arm.	Băiatul are un braț murdar.