Plural compound nouns

Verb + Noun Compounds

In Portuguese, many everyday tools and household items are named by combining a verb (like abrir or guardar) with a plural noun. For example, o abre-latas (can opener) literally translates to "opens-cans".

Because the noun portion is already plural, the word itself doesn't change in the plural. You simply change the article before it:

  • o abre-latas (can opener) → os abre-latas
  • o saca-rolhas (corkscrew) → os saca-rolhas
  • o guarda-fatos (wardrobe) → os guarda-fatos
  • o porta-moedas (coin purse) → os porta-moedas
  • o porta-chaves (keychain) → os porta-chaves
  • o guarda-joias (jewelry box) → os guarda-joias
We have two can openers and two corkscrews in the kitchen drawer.
Nós temos dois abre-latas e dois saca-rolhas na gaveta da cozinha.
Where are the keychains and the jewelry boxes?
Onde estão os porta-chaves e os guarda-joias?

Noun + Noun Compounds

When a compound word is made of two nouns joined by a hyphen, the general rule is to pluralize both words:

  • o sofá-cama (sofa bed) → os sofás-camas
  • o rádio-despertador (clock radio) → os rádios-despertadores
  • a couve-flor (cauliflower) → as couves-flores
We sleep on the sofa beds when we visit the city.
Dormimos nos sofás-camas quando visitamos a cidade.
What a strange thing! There are clock radios next to the cauliflowers!
Que coisa estranha! Há rádios-despertadores ao lado das couves-flores!

However, if the second noun acts like an adjective describing the first, often only the first noun becomes plural. A common example is a palavra-chave (keyword), which becomes as palavras-chave.

These clock radios do not need keywords.
Estes rádios-despertadores não precisam de palavras-chave.
The keywords are useful when we cook the cauliflowers.
As palavras-chave são úteis quando cozinhamos as couves-flores.