Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Direct Object Pronouns: -no, -na, -nos, -nas

When a direct object pronoun (o, a, os, as) attaches to a verb that ends in a nasal sound — such as -m, -ão, or -õe — the pronoun transforms:

  • It adds an n, becoming -no, -na, -nos, or -nas.

Unlike the rule for verbs ending in -r, -s, or -z, the verb does not drop its final letter. You simply add a hyphen and the new pronoun. You will see this very frequently with third-person plural verbs, which end in -m (like lavam or varrem).

They sweep the floor and wash it.
Eles varrem o chão e lavam-no.
When the dishes are dirty, the girls wash them.
Quando a loiça está suja, as raparigas lavam-na.
When there is dust, they vacuum it.
Quando há pó, eles aspiram-no.

Plurals and Household Chores

When talking about household chores — like sweeping, washing, vacuuming, and folding — you will often refer to plural objects like glasses (os copos) or windows (as janelas). The exact same rule applies to the plural pronouns (os and as), which become -nos and -nas after a nasal verb ending.

They wash the glasses and put them away in the drawer.
Eles lavam os copos e guardam-nos na gaveta.
They (f) open the windows and clean them.
Elas abrem as janelas e limpam-nas.
The pants are clean. They fold them and put them away.
As calças estão limpas. Eles dobram-nas e guardam-nas.

The Negative Exception

Remember that in Portuguese, negative words like não automatically pull the pronoun to the front of the verb. When this happens, the pronoun does not attach to the end of the verb at all, so it keeps its normal form (o, a, os, as). This rule overrides the nasal attachment rule.

We are washing the dishes, because they do not wash them.
Nós estamos a lavar a loiça, porque eles não a lavam.