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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Asking the Price

**custar** is *to cost*, a regular *-ar* verb, and it agrees with the THING, not with you:

| | |
|---|---|
| Quanto **custa** o livro? | How much does the book cost? |
| Quanto **custam** as calças? | How much do the trousers cost? |

That plural *custam* catches learners out, because English keeps *cost* invariable.

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### The Money Itself

You already have **o euro**. Below it sits **o cêntimo** — one hundred to the euro — and **a moeda**, which is both *the coin* and, more abstractly, *the currency*.

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### Buying and Selling

**vender** is the *-er* verb that answers **comprar**: *a loja vende*, *eu compro*. Portuguese keeps the pair as tidily opposed as English does.

### At the Post Office

**o selo** is the stamp, and **o código postal** the postcode. Portuguese postcodes have seven digits written with a hyphen after the fourth.

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
to cost	custar
How much does the book cost?	Quanto custa o livro?
The coffee costs one euro.	O café custa um euro.
the coin / the currency	a moeda
The coin is in the drawer.	A moeda está na gaveta.
I have a two-euro coin.	Tenho uma moeda de dois euros.
the cent	o cêntimo
The bread costs fifty cents.	O pão custa cinquenta cêntimos.
I have twenty cents in my pocket.	Tenho vinte cêntimos no bolso.
to sell	vender
The shop sells bread.	A loja vende pão.
They sell the car.	Eles vendem o carro.
the stamp	o selo
I want a stamp, please.	Quero um selo, por favor.
The stamp is in the box.	O selo está na caixa.
the postcode	o código postal
What is the postcode?	Qual é o código postal?
The postcode is on the computer.	O código postal está no computador.

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