Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Portuguese (Portugal)

### Who Is Driving

Portuguese has three words where English has *driver*, and they are not interchangeable:

| | |
|---|---|
| **o motorista** | a professional driver — bus, coach, lorry |
| **o taxista** | specifically a taxi driver |
| *o condutor* | whoever happens to be at the wheel |

Both **o motorista** and **o taxista** end in *-a* and are still MASCULINE — *o motorista*, *o taxista*. The article does the work, and the feminine is *a motorista*, *a taxista*, with the noun unchanged. This is the same pattern as *o problema*, which you already know.

{{item:955737}}

### Waiting and Riding

**a paragem de autocarro** is the bus stop — from *parar*, to stop. In Brazil this is *ponto de ônibus*; in Portugal it is always *paragem*.

{{item:955743}}

### Two Documents and a Distance

**a carta de condução** is the driving licence — literally *letter of driving*. Brazil says *carteira de motorista*.

**o quilómetro** is spelled with an accent on the *ó* in European Portuguese (Brazil writes *quilômetro*), and distances take the preposition *a*: *a dez quilómetros daqui*.

**o turista**, like *motorista*, keeps its *-a* in both genders.

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
the driver	o motorista
The bus driver is friendly.	O motorista do autocarro é simpático.
The driver works a lot.	O motorista trabalha muito.
the taxi driver	o taxista
The taxi driver speaks English.	O taxista fala inglês.
The taxi driver is in the street.	O taxista está na rua.
the bus stop	a paragem de autocarro
The bus stop is next to the bank.	A paragem de autocarro é ao lado do banco.
I am at the bus stop.	Estou na paragem de autocarro.
the driving licence	a carta de condução
I have the driving licence.	Tenho a carta de condução.
The driving licence is in the bag.	A carta de condução está na mala.
the motorbike	a mota
He has a motorbike.	Ele tem uma mota.
The motorbike is fast.	A mota é rápida.
the tourist	o turista
The tourist is at the hotel.	O turista está no hotel.
The tourists travel by train.	Os turistas viajam de comboio.
the kilometre	o quilómetro
The beach is ten kilometres away.	A praia está a dez quilómetros.
The hotel is three kilometres from the station.	O hotel está a três quilómetros da estação.

Contributors