o that stands for a whole sentence
You just met the predicative o (— És médico? — Sou-o.). Its sibling resumes an entire clause:
| He is ill, but he hasn't told the boss yet. | Ele está doente, mas ainda não o disse ao chefe. |
o = "that he is ill" — one clitic carrying a whole sentence. With an infinitive it surfaces as dizê-lo:
este and aquele point INSIDE the text
In writing, este picks up the NEARER of two mentions (the latter) and aquele the farther one (the former):
| I have a dog and a cat: the latter sleeps indoors, the former in the garden. | Tenho um cão e um gato: este dorme dentro de casa, aquele no jardim. |
este = o gato (named last), aquele = o cão.
isto announces what comes NEXT
| Listen to this: from tomorrow, nobody pays for a ticket. | Ouve isto: a partir de amanhã, ninguém paga bilhete. |
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