Learn Polish: Bank jest daleko stąd. - The bank is far from here.

The word tutaj (or tu) just means 'here' to describe a fixed location. But the English sentence says 'from here'. In Polish, stąd is a specific, built-in word that means exactly that: 'from here'.

Is daleko an adjective that needs to match the gender of bank?

No, daleko is an adverb, meaning it describes the state of being far, rather than being an adjective like 'big' or 'small'. Adverbs don't change their endings for gender, so daleko stays exactly the same whether you are talking about a masculine word like bank or a feminine word like restauracja.

Would I ever use the Polish word od (from) with daleko?

You don't need od in this specific sentence because stąd already has the 'from' meaning built into it. However, if you wanted to say 'far from the station', you would need the preposition and say daleko od stacji.

Could I change the word order and say Bank jest stąd daleko?

Yes, word order in Polish is very flexible. Putting stąd at the very end puts a slight bit of emphasis on 'from here' (as opposed to from somewhere else), but both versions sound completely natural and mean the same thing.