Verbs Governing "od"
In Polish, the preposition od (from) always requires the noun that follows it to take the Genitive case. Certain verbs inherently pair with this preposition to express relationships like dependence and difference.
Zależeć od (To depend on)
While in English you depend on something, in Polish you depend from it. Use the verb zależeć od followed by a noun in the Genitive case.
| to depend on | zależeć od |
| The price of this mineral depends on its color. | Cena tego minerału zależy od jego koloru. |
| Does the price of a crystal depend on its hardness? | Czy cena kryształu zależy od jego twardości? |
Odróżniać od (To distinguish from)
Use odróżniać od to distinguish one thing from another. The first item is the direct object (in the Accusative case), and the second item follows od in the Genitive case.
| to distinguish from | odróżniać od |
| How do you distinguish a diamond from another gemstone? | Jak odróżniasz diament od innego klejnotu? |
| What properties distinguish a ruby from a diamond? | Jakie właściwości odróżniają rubin od diamentu? |
Różnić się od (To differ from)
To state that two things are inherently different from one another, use the reflexive verb różnić się od.
| This red ruby differs from the others. | Ten czerwony rubin różni się od innych. |
| Gold differs a lot from coal. | Złoto bardzo różni się od węgla. |
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