Tool and machine nouns (-arka, -acz, -nik)

Machines and Appliances: The "-arka" Suffix

Polish frequently creates nouns for tools and machines by adding suffixes to verbs. The feminine suffix -arka is very common for household appliances and automated machines.

For example, the verb zmywać (to wash) becomes zmywarka (dishwasher).

It is known that the new dishwasher is broken.
Wiadomo, że nowa zmywarka jest zepsuta.

Since they end in -a, these nouns decline exactly like standard feminine nouns. Notice how they take -i or -y in the Genitive case.

Without a dishwasher, we have to wash the dishes ourselves.
Bez zmywarki musimy myć naczynia sami.
This printer is very slow, even though it cost a lot of money.
Ta drukarka jest bardzo wolna, mimo że kosztowała dużo pieniędzy.

Fixtures and Containers: The "-nik" Suffix

The masculine inanimate suffix -nik is widely used for household fixtures, containers, and appliances. For instance, the verb piec (to bake) forms piekarnik (oven).

My oven and dryer have not been working since yesterday.
Mój piekarnik i suszarka nie działają od wczoraj.
You must turn on the kettle to prepare tea.
Musisz włączyć czajnik, żeby przygotować herbatę.

Hand Tools and Small Devices: The "-acz" Suffix

For smaller tools or devices designed for a specific action, Polish typically uses the masculine inanimate suffix -acz.

It attaches directly to a verb: otwierać (to open) gives us otwieracz (opener), and dziurkować (to punch holes) forms dziurkacz (hole puncher).

We must find an opener to open this bottle of wine.
Musimy znaleźć otwieracz, żeby otworzyć tę butelkę wina.

Because words ending in -nik and -acz are masculine inanimate, their Accusative form is identical to their Nominative form. In the Genitive case (such as to express need), they usually take -a or -u.

I need a hole puncher and a printer to prepare these documents.
Potrzebuję dziurkacza i drukarki, żeby przygotować te dokumenty.
Although we have a new oven, in the morning we always use a toaster.
Chociaż mamy nowy piekarnik, rano zawsze używamy opiekacza.

They decline normally in all other cases, such as taking -u or -e in the Locative case when describing where something is located.

You left the opener on the lawnmower in the garage!
Zostawiłeś otwieracz na kosiarce w garażu!