Asking "Why?" and Giving Reasons
To ask someone "why," use the word dlaczego. When answering, you can connect your sentences to provide a reason using the conjunction bo (because).
Punctuation tip: In Polish, you always place a comma before bo.
| Why are you sad? | Dlaczego jesteś smutny? |
| I am sad because my dog is sick. | Jestem smutny, bo mój pies jest chory. |
You can use this structure to explain your physical states and feelings, like being tired (zmęczony) or busy (zajęty), or to explain actions like resting (odpoczywać).
| Why are you tired, sir? | Dlaczego pan jest zmęczony? |
| I am resting because I work a lot. | Odpoczywam, bo dużo pracuję. |
| I am not reading because I am busy. | Nie czytam, bo jestem zajęta. |
Stating Facts with "że"
When you want to express what you think, know, see, or say, use the conjunction że (that) to link your main thought to the rest of the sentence.
Just like with bo, you must always put a comma before że.
| I think that he is hungry and tired. | Myślę, że on jest głodny i zmęczony. |
| The director sees that you are busy. | Dyrektor widzi, że jesteś zajęty. |
| Do you know that the boy is hungry? | Czy wiesz, że chłopiec jest głodny? |
Expressing How You Feel
To talk about your overall physical or emotional state, use the reflexive verb czuć się (to feel). Because it is reflexive, it always pairs with the pronoun się.
| How do you feel? | Jak się czujesz? |
| I feel good, but I am sick. | Czuję się dobrze, ale jestem chora. |
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