Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Places in the Plural

When you want to say that someone is "in" (*w*) or "on" (*na*) multiple places, you need the Locative plural. Just like the Instrumental plural, the Locative plural is wonderfully regular and its rules apply equally to all noun genders.

Nouns in the Locative plural simply take the ending **-ach**.

To describe these places, adjectives in the Locative plural take the ending **-ych** (or **-ich** if the stem ends in *k* or *g*, such as *polskich* or *europejskich*).

{{item:957874}}

{{item:957876}}

{{item:957882}}

### Talking and Reading About Topics

The Locative case is also required after the preposition **o** (about). You will use this often with verbs like *mówić* (to talk), *rozmawiać* (to converse), *dyskutować* (to discuss), and *czytać* (to read) to explain what you are exploring.

The exact same **-ych** / **-ich** adjective endings and **-ach** noun endings are used here.

{{item:957879}}

{{item:957887}}

{{item:957891}}

### Journeys, Traditions, and Customs

Because the **-ach** noun ending is so universal in the plural, it effortlessly attaches even to nouns that don't end in a typical vowel in their dictionary form, such as *podróż* (journey) or *zabytek* (monument).

{{item:957884}}

{{item:957894}}

{{item:957897}}

Locative plural (-ach, -ych)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
warm	ciepły
island	wyspa
We are resting on warm islands.	Odpoczywamy na ciepłych wyspach.
My parents spend their holidays on beautiful islands.	Moi rodzice spędzają wakacje na pięknych wyspach.
In warm countries people are often happy.	W ciepłych krajach ludzie są często szczęśliwi.
popular	popularny
We do not like living in popular cities.	Nie lubimy mieszkać w popularnych miastach.
We often talk about popular films.	Często rozmawiamy o popularnych filmach.
European	europejski
I am reading an interesting book about European cities.	Czytam ciekawą książkę o europejskich miastach.
We often spend weekends in European capitals.	Często spędzamy weekendy w europejskich stolicach.
journey	podróż
My grandfather often talks about his long journeys.	Mój dziadek często mówi o swoich długich podróżach.
On long journeys I always sleep.	W długich podróżach zawsze śpię.
topic	temat
We are discussing important topics.	Dyskutujemy o ważnych tematach.
They never talk about difficult topics.	Oni nigdy nie rozmawiają o trudnych tematach.
culture	kultura
We read a lot about foreign cultures.	Czytamy dużo o obcych kulturach.
We know a lot about European cultures.	Wiemy dużo o europejskich kulturach.
monument	zabytek
We are walking in old cities and talking about monuments.	Spacerujemy w starych miastach i rozmawiamy o zabytkach.
On the desk there is an interesting book about Polish monuments.	Na biurku jest ciekawa książka o polskich zabytkach.
tradition	tradycja
The teacher is talking about old Polish traditions.	Nauczyciel mówi o starych polskich tradycjach.
People in small villages remember about old traditions.	Ludzie w małych wsiach pamiętają o starych tradycjach.
custom	zwyczaj
I do not know much about foreign customs.	Nie wiem dużo o obcych zwyczajach.
We often read articles about new customs.	Często czytamy artykuły o nowych zwyczajach.
Do you think about old monuments in warm countries?	Czy w ciepłych krajach myślisz o starych zabytkach?