Feminine consonant nouns
In Polish, most feminine nouns end in -a or -i. However, a special group of feminine nouns ends in a consonant. Many of these describe abstract concepts, emotions, and human experiences, frequently ending in -ść.
For the genitive, dative, and locative cases, feminine nouns ending in a soft consonant (such as -ść) simply take the ending -i. This makes them surprisingly easy to decline, as one form covers multiple grammatical situations.
You will see this -i ending in the genitive case after negations or prepositions like bez (without) and z (from/out of), as well as in the locative case after prepositions like o (about).
Nominative and accusative
The dictionary form (the nominative case) of these nouns ends in a consonant. Unlike standard feminine nouns (which change their ending to -ę for direct objects), the accusative case for feminine consonant nouns is identical to the nominative.
The instrumental case
While the other cases might look different, the instrumental case is familiar. Just like standard feminine nouns, you form it by adding -ą to the base word.
