How you travel
The means of transport goes in the Instrumental with no preposition at all — literally I travel by-bus:
| vehicle | by ... |
|---|---|
| bus | autobus | autobusem |
| tram | tramwaj | tramwajem |
| pociąg | pociągiem |
| samochód | samochodem |
| taksówka | taksówką |
| I am going to work by bus. | Jadę do pracy autobusem. |
| She is going home by train. | Ona jedzie pociągiem do domu. |
The endings are the ones you know: -em for masculine nouns (-iem after k or g), -ą for nouns in -a.
Asking
Czym — by what? — is the Instrumental of co:
| What are you going by? — By car. | Czym jedziesz? — Samochodem. |
On foot
Walking is not a vehicle: iść / chodzić, or pieszo:
| I walk, whereas my brother drives. | Chodzę pieszo, a mój brat jeździ samochodem. |
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