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We still have one group of vowel clusters to tackle... Let's do one of them right now:


	워 = weo 


	u + eo = weo


Just try to memorize the picture 워 

 We need this vowel cluster for one important word:
 
뭐 = mweo = what
 Did you spot that I replaced the no-consonant sign ㅇ by the consonant ㅁ = m ?
Do you remember this word ?
이 = i = this
이 나비 = i nabi = this butterfly
 Easy isn't it :D I think we had that in lesson 1. But let's build up on this now.

이것 = i-geo (the third letter (here s) is often mute if there isn't another syllable or word that follows)= this (thing)
 We need this when we want to use 'this' without a noun.
이 alone can be used for this butterfly, this car, this house... but not if we want to say: This is a butterfly, this is a car, this is a house... In Korean we need to say instead: This thing is... and therefore we need to use 
이것
This seems a good spot to throw a topic marker in. This means I am pointing to some object I want to talk about. And that is what topic markers are for. They kind of give a title to our discussion. It is a concept used in many Asian languages. I will give you a more detailed explanation one or two lessons from now. Just accept for now that some words end in -eun/-neun.
So with your gracious permission, I will change our 이것 = i-geo to:
이것은 = i-geos-eun Now as something follows our syllable the 's'of 것 is pronounced.


But we still need something more: a verbform:
이에요/ 예요 - i-e-yo / ye-yo - am /is/are (remember there is only one verbform for all persons)
 i-e-yo comes after a consonant whereas yeyo follows a vowel. 
 also i-e-yo spells with an ㅔ= e (one horizontal line), whereas ye-yo spells with a ㅖ = ye ( two horizontal lines) 
 our butterfly - na-bi ends in a vowel, so it is followed by ye-yo, which is directly attached to the word.
이것은 나비예요.- i-geos-eun na-bi-ye-yo. - This is a butterfly.
Let's look at a word ending in a consonant:
 가방 = kabang is a bag.
가방이에요. ka-bang-i-e-yo - It's a bag.
이것은 가방이에요. i-geos-eun ka-bang-i-e-yo. - This is a bag.
 Did you notice this ? 나비예요 means: It is a butterfly. But if I don't add additional information it could also mean: I am a butterfly. / You are a butterfly. /We are butterflies./ Let's be a butterfly ! / Is it a butterfly?
 In a conversation usually the context is clear. So you don't always need to add additional pronouns. It is actually rather redundant to do so. Korean people like to leave out whatever they can...
 We haven't really used our new question word yet... Do you remember it ?
 뭐 mweo - what ?
 We have now all the elements to ask: What is this?
이것은 뭐예요 ? I-geos-eun mweo-ye-yo ? (mweo ends in a vowel, so it takes yeyo - but this whole 'i-ye-yo-vs.-yeyo-thing' is merely a matter of facilitating pronunciation.
 And as I mentionned earlier, we can leave out unnecessary pronouns, we even can drop 'i-geo'.
뭐예요 ? Mweo-ye-yo ? What is it ?
 So let's have a little discussion...
But first I give You a new word:
<img src="https://elonstorage.blob.core.windows.net/file/1022035.jpg" alt="syllable block 56" />
물 mul - water (remember ㄹ is only 'l' at the end of a word. If we add 'i-e-yo' to 'mul' our 'l' turns into a 'r': mur-i-e-yo) 
So here's our conversation:
이것은 뭐예요?
물이에요.
뭐예요? 물이에요?
녜.물이에요.
 Could you follow?
i-geos-eun mweo-ye-yo? - What is this?
Mur-i-e-yo. - It's water.
Mweo-ye-yo? Mur-i-e-yo? - What is it? Water?
Ne. Mur-i-e-yo. - Yes. It's water.
 Ok. Let's do something exciting. Let's learn two very helpful verbs.
먹다 meokk-ta ( the combination of 'k' at the syllable end + 'd' at syllable start turns into 'kkt') to eat 
and 마시다 ma-shi-da to drink.
 Now this new verbs have one important difference to the ones we have studied earlier: their stem does not end in 'o' or 'a'.
ka-da = to go
po-da = to see
 To form their conjugated form, we replaced the infinitive marker 'da' by the polite 'yo'. 
ka-yo = I go / pwa-yo = I see 
 For all verbs with a stem ending in something other than -o or -a we need to replace 'da' by 'eo-yo' (어요)
meokkta becomes meog-eo-yo - 먹어요 - I eat.
ma-shi-da becomes ma-shi-eo-yo however shi-eo contracts to shyeo - 셔 which gives us 마셔요 = ma-shyeo-yo (speak: ma-sheo-yo)
 Ok enough of all this theory. Let's come to some real important stuff:
맥주를 마셔요. - maeg-ju-reul ma-shyeo-yo. = I drink beer. 
Under 16 please scroll down until the juice part ! :D
 뭐 먹어요? mweo meog-eo-yo? = What are you eating? 
 To be 'politically' correct I should have added the object ending - eul to our question word mweo - 뭐 which on top of it spells in formal writing with an unpronounced 's' (무엇).
 
 So the whole word would turn into:
 무엇을 = mu-eos-eul 
 However in spoken language it is quite common to drop object endings and mweo is quite acceptable.
 비빔밥을 먹어요. Pi-bim-pab-eul meog-eo-yo. = I eat Bibimbap.
 Do you know what that is ? One of my favourites. You absolutely must try that one. Just look at it. It is:
 맛있어요 - ma-shiss-eo-yo = it is delicious.
<img src="https://elonstorage.blob.core.windows.net/file/1022320.jpg" alt="Bibimbap" />
In order to be able to choose between things you might need the word: 또는 = ttoneun = or
 As you can see we are having a double 'd' in there. Double characters are usually inaspirated (no air coming out of your mouth.) Don't worry too much at this stage. We will look at them later in one go. There are only 5 of them.
 Now how about closing this lesson with giving you a list of food and drinks to play with...
음식 eum-shik = food
밥 pap = (cooked) rice
고기 kogi = meat
감자 kam-ja = potato
국수 kug-su = noodles
소금 so-geum = salt
후추 hu-tchu = pepper - Doesn't that sound like a sneeze ? :D
두부 tubu = tofu
오이 o-i = cucumber
설탕 seol-tang = sugar -- Here we are getting a real 't' (not just a 'd' trying to be a 't' :D)
ㅌ = t
과차 kwa-tcha = cookie, any kind of baked snack, also chips (crisps) 
김치 kim-tchi
 You know what kimchi is, right? It is that kind of stuff that knocks me off my pants when I innocently open the fridge in the morning to get some milk for my coffee, not knowing that someone has left an opened package behind... I have heard that Koreans have a seperate kimchi refrigerator. If ever you smelled it, you would know why :D But it's delicious. It is a kind of fermented cabbage not so much unlike German Sauerkraut, but much stronger in flavour and smell. Let me show you a picture.
<img src="https://elonstorage.blob.core.windows.net/file/1022321.jpg" alt="Kimchi" />
 Let's have some drinks:
우유 u-yu = milk
차 tcha = tea
Sorry guys, no coffee yet for you. We are still lacking a letter... also coke is on hold:D But I'll let you have some green tea and some juice instead.:)
녹차 nok-tcha = green tea
주스 ju-seu = juice
 Well that gives you already quite a range of food experience. Remains to wish you a happy meal. Korean people would say before a meal:
잘 먹겠습니다 tchal meog-ge-seum-ni-da = (I will eat well) 
 This is very polite to say, especially when you are invited.

Reading 7 - Food - verbs with consonant stem

verb

adjective

determiner

noun

pronoun

adverb

particle

interjection

number

reading exercise

phrase

sentence

conjunction

Reading 1: ㄴ, ㅏ, ㅣ, ㅂ

Reading 2: ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅐ, ㅁ, ㅓ, ㅔ

Reading 3: ㅗ, ㅜ

Reading 4: ㄱ, ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅒ, ㅖ, ㅛ, ㅠ, conjugating verbs and using the particle 에

Question	Answer
this (thing)	이것igeos
topic particle (after a consonant)	은eun
This is a ball.	이것은 공이에요.igeoseun gongieyo. pronounced : i-geos-eun kong-i-e-yo.
what	뭐mwo mweo
What is this?	이것은 뭐예요?igeoseun mwoyeyo? igeoseun mweo-ye-yo?
food	음식eumsik eum-shik
This is food.	이것은 음식이에요.igeoseun eumsigieyo. igeos-eun eumshig-i-e-yo.
What (kind of) food is this?	이 음식은 뭐예요?i eumsigeun mwoyeyo? i eumshigeun mweoyeyo?
kimchi	김치gimchi kim-chi
This is kimchi.	이것은 김치예요.igeoseun gimchiyeyo. igeoseun kimchi-yeyo.
butter	버터beoteo peo-teo
to eat	먹다meokda
Do you eat butter?	버터를 먹어요?beoteoreul meogeoyo? peo-teo-reul meog-eo-yo?
to drink	마시다masida ma-shi-da
I drink	마셔요masyeoyo ma-sh(y)eo-yo
I drink milk.	우유를 마셔요.uyureul masyeoyo. u-yu-reul ma-sh(y)eo-yo.
water	물mul
Which character is romanized as tt? ^{strong d sound with no air coming out of your mouth}	ㄸ for typing it is either that you push longer on the ㄷ button or you have to use shift ㄷ Let's review 3 characters: ㄷ (about 2-3 cm of your tongue touch the palate just behind your front teeth) ㅌ ( tongue tip touches about a cm behind the front teeth. Much air comes from your mouth) ㄸ (strong d sound, but no air comes out of your mouth, as if the sound goes inward your mouth )
or	또는ttoneun
beer	맥주maekju maegju
Do you drink water or beer?	물을 또는 맥주를 마셔요?mureul ttoneun maekjureul masyeoyo? mureul ttoneun maegjureul mash(y)eoyo?
pibimbap	비빔밥bibimbap pibimbap
Do you eat kimchi or bibimbap?	김치를 또는 비빔밥을 먹어요?gimchireul ttoneun bibimbabeul meogeoyo? kimchi-reul tto-neun pibimbabeul meogeoyo?
to be delicious	맛있다masissda masshita - (s at end of word /last syllable becomes 't'; this is also the case before the infinitive ending '-da' where -s-da turns into 'ta')
It is delicious!	맛있어요!masisseoyo! mash-iss-eo-yo
Bibimbap is delicious.	비빔밥 맛있어요.bibimbap masisseoyo. bibimbap mashisseoyo.
really	정말jeongmal
Is kimchi delicious?	김치 맛있어요?gimchi masisseoyo? kimchi mashisseoyo ?
Yes, it is really delicious.	네, 정말 맛있어요.ne, jeongmal masisseoyo. ne, jeongmal mashisseoyo.
cucumber	오이oi o-i
salt	소금sogeum
pepper	후추huchu
Pepper or salt ?	후추 또는 소금?huchu ttoneun sogeum?
sugar	설탕seoltang
Sugar or salt?	설탕 또는 소금?seoltang ttoneun sogeum?
noodles	국수guksu kug-su
rice	밥bap pap
potato	감자gamja kamja
Rice or noodles?	밥 또는 국수?bap ttoneun guksu? pap ttoneun kuksu ?
Do you eat potatoes or rice?	감자를 또는 밥을 먹어요?gamjareul ttoneun babeul meogeoyo? kamjareul ttoneun pabeul meogeoyo?
Meat	고기gogi kogi
This meat is delicious.	이 고기 맛있어요.i gogi masisseoyo. i kogi mashisseoyo.
Do butterflies eat sugar?	나비는 설탕을 먹어요?nabineun seoltangeul meogeoyo? nabineun seoltangeul meogeoyo?
and (in order to connect two sentences)	-고go There are various 'and's' for various purposes. So this one is not meant for 'salt and pepper' but for connecting entire sentences 'I want salt and I want also pepper.'
I eat cheese and I drink milk.	치즈를 먹어고 우유를 마셔요.chijeureul meogeogo uyureul masyeoyo. Did you notice, the first verb lost its 'yo' and the 'yo' of the second verb counts for both verbs.
Enjoy your meal ! Bon appetit! (Lit. I will eat well.)	잘 먹겠습니다jal meokgessseupnida speak: Jal meogesseumnida, the combination ㅂ+ ㄴ (b+n) is pronounced as: mn.

Korean 7 - Reading 7 - Food - verbs with consonant stem

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