Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Persian, Dari

Persian, Western

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

<p>
	You've already learnt that you can express that something must be done with the phrase <strong>ない　と　いけない</strong>.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
		<tr data-item="267155"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
    You can say exactly the same using the phrase <strong>〜なくて は いけない</strong>.
    The only difference is that <strong>〜なくて は いけない</strong> is slightly more formal and a bit more emphatic,
    so it might be slightly stronger in conveying the sense of necessity.
</p>

<table class="ui celled fixed table">
	<tbody>
		<tr data-item="294378"></tr>
		<tr data-item="294375"></tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
    You can use <strong>いけません</strong> instead of <strong>いけない</strong> to make the sentence a bit more polite and formal.
</p>

<table class="ui celled fixed table">
	<tbody>
		<tr data-item="294377"></tr>
		<tr data-item="294379"></tr>
	</tbody>
</table>


Have to do - 〜なくて は いけない

<p>
	To say that you have to or must do something, you can use a <strong>verb in plain negative form + ~と　いけない</strong>.
	Here the particle <strong>と</strong> in this phrase can be translated as <strong>if</strong>,
	so the phrase literally means, <strong>if not ... then it can't go</strong>.
</p> 

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
		<tr data-item="267155"></tr>
		<tr data-item="267158"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	You can also use <strong>いけません</strong> in place of <strong>いけない</strong> to make the sentence more formal.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
		<tr data-item="267156"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	It's also possible to replace <strong>といけない</strong> with <strong>とダメです</strong>.
	<strong>ダメ</strong> essentially means <strong>no good</strong>,
	so the phrase <strong>verb in plain negative form + ~と　ダメです</strong> literally means <strong>if not ... then it's no good</strong>. 
	Note that <strong>ダメ</strong> is spelled using katakana here, but in other cases it's often spelled using hiragana.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
		<tr data-item="267162"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	In very informal situations you can simply use the <strong>verb in plain negative form + ~と</strong>, omitting the final <strong>いけない</strong>.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
		<tr data-item="267163"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	There are also different ways to say <strong>must do</strong>, but we will look at those in a later lesson.
</p>

Have to do - ないといけない

adjectival noun

adjectival phrase

adnominal

adverb

adverbial noun

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

case particle

compound

conjunction

conjunctive particle

discourse

discourse particle

expression

godan - group 1

group 3

hiragana character

hiragana writing

i-adjective

interjection

intransitive

itidan - group 2

kanji

kanji component

kanji writing

katakana character

katakana writing

na-adjective

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

pronoun

proper noun

reading vocabulary

sentence

suffix

transitive

verb

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

Question	Answer
to have to do 〜	〜なくて　は　いけない〜nakute wa ikenai
I have to drink water.	水みず　を　飲のまなくて　は　いけない。mizu o nomanakute wa ikenai.
I must take the medicine.	薬くすり　を　飲のまなくて　は　いけない。kusuri o nomanakute wa ikenai.
I have to leave the house early.	早はやく　家いえ　を　出でなくて　は　いけません。hayaku ie o denakute wa ikemasen.
I must exercise every day.	毎まい日にち　運うん動どうしなくて　は　いけません。mainichi undoushinakute wa ikemasen.

Have to do - 〜なくてはいけない

Contributors