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<p>
	You've already learnt that you can express that something must be done with the phrase <strong>ない　と　いけない</strong>.
</p>

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<p>
    You can say exactly the same using the phrase <strong>〜なくて は いけない</strong>.
    The only difference is that <strong>〜なくて は いけない</strong> is slightly more formal and a bit more emphatic,
    so it might be slightly stronger in conveying the sense of necessity.
</p>

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<p>
    You can use <strong>いけません</strong> instead of <strong>いけない</strong> to make the sentence a bit more polite and formal.
</p>

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Have to do - 〜なくて は いけない

<p>
	To say that you have to or must do something, you can use a <strong>verb in plain negative form + ~と　いけない</strong>.
	Here the particle <strong>と</strong> in this phrase can be translated as <strong>if</strong>,
	so the phrase literally means, <strong>if not ... then it can't go</strong>.
</p> 

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<p>
	You can also use <strong>いけません</strong> in place of <strong>いけない</strong> to make the sentence more formal.
</p>

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<p>
	It's also possible to replace <strong>といけない</strong> with <strong>とダメです</strong>.
	<strong>ダメ</strong> essentially means <strong>no good</strong>,
	so the phrase <strong>verb in plain negative form + ~と　ダメです</strong> literally means <strong>if not ... then it's no good</strong>. 
	Note that <strong>ダメ</strong> is spelled using katakana here, but in other cases it's often spelled using hiragana.
</p>

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<p>
	In very informal situations you can simply use the <strong>verb in plain negative form + ~と</strong>, omitting the final <strong>いけない</strong>.
</p>

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<p>
	There are also different ways to say <strong>must do</strong>, but we will look at those in a later lesson.
</p>

Have to do - ないといけない

hiragana character

kanji

adnominal

adverb

auxiliary

conjunction

compound

i-adjective

interjection

noun

na-adjective

numeral

particle

case particle

conjunctive particle

discourse particle

prefix

pronoun

suffix

verb

sentence

hiragana writing

kanji writing

kanji component

reading vocabulary

katakana writing

katakana character

godan - group 1

itidan - group 2

group 3

transitive

intransitive

proper noun

discourse

phrase

expression

adjectival noun

adverbial phrase

adjectival phrase

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

The particle も

Question	Answer
to have to do 〜	〜なくて　は　いけない〜nakute wa ikenai
I have to drink water.	水みず　を　飲のまなくて　は　いけない。mizu o nomanakute wa ikenai.
I must take the medicine.	薬くすり　を　飲のまなくて　は　いけない。kusuri o nomanakute wa ikenai.
I have to leave the house early.	早はやく　家いえ　を　出でなくて　は　いけません。hayaku ie o denakute wa ikemasen.
I must exercise every day.	毎まい日にち　運うん動どうしなくて　は　いけません。mainichi undoushinakute wa ikemasen.

Japanese 334 - Have to do - 〜なくてはいけない

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