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<p>
	In an earlier lesson we've already learned that in the plain form,
	we can drop <strong>です</strong> after <strong>い-adjectives</strong>,
	and that we can change <strong>です</strong> into <strong>だ</strong> after nouns and <strong>な-adjectives</strong>.
</p>

<p>
	In casual conversation with people we know well,
	we can even drop the <strong>だ</strong> after nouns and <strong>な-adjectives</strong>.
</p>

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<p>
	In the last sentence above,
	it would be grammatically wrong to use to use <strong>だ</strong> in front of the question particle <strong>か</strong>.
	Though <strong>です</strong> is frequently used in front of the question particle,
	it is mandatory to drop <strong>だ</strong> when using the question particle.
</p>

<p>
	Be careful with using <strong>か</strong> without using the copula <strong>です</strong>,
	because in the wrong situation, it can easily sound excessively harsh or rude.
</p>

<p>
	In casual speech with close friends or people lower in status, it's possible to use the plain form in invitations.
</p>

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<p>
	As you can see in the last sentence, invitations can be made even more informal by dropping the <strong>か</strong>.
	And while we're at it, why not drop the object particle after <strong>ビール</strong> as well?
</p>

<p>
	In casual speech in general, we can drop the particle <strong>か</strong> in question sentences,
	and instead use a rising intonation at the end of the sentence.
</p>

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Casual conversation

adjectival noun

adjectival phrase

adnominal

adverb

adverbial noun

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

case particle

compound

conjunction

conjunctive particle

discourse

discourse particle

expression

godan - group 1

group 3

hiragana character

hiragana writing

i-adjective

interjection

intransitive

itidan - group 2

kanji

kanji component

kanji writing

katakana character

katakana writing

na-adjective

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

pronoun

proper noun

reading vocabulary

sentence

suffix

transitive

verb

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

The particle も

The word ちょっと

Question	Answer
useful, convenient	便べん利りなbenrina
mobile phone	携けい帯たい電でん話わkeitaidenwa
Mobile phones are convenient.	携けい帯たい電でん話わ　は　便べん利り。keitaidenwa wa benri. From Wikipedia
goal	ゴールgooru
(It's a) goal!	ゴール！gooru!
safe; alright, okay	大だい丈じょう夫ぶdaijoubu
That's alright.	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ　だ。daijoubu da.
It's alright.	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ。daijoubu.
(Are) you alright?	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ　か。daijoubu ka.
What's this?	これ　は　何なに？kore wa nani?
Are you alright?	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ？daijoubu?
district in Tokyo that's famous for its park	上うえ野のueno
Ueno Park	上うえ野の　公こう園えんueno kouen
Why not go to Ueno Park?	上うえ野の　公こう園えん　に　行いかない　か。ueno kouen ni ikanai ka.
snack	おやつoyatsu
Why not eat some snacks?	おやつ　を　食たべない　か。oyatsu o tabenai ka.
Why not drink (some) beer?	ビール、　飲のまない？biiru, nomanai?

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