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To describe what exists in a place, Italian uses **c'è** (there is) and **ci sono** (there are). These come from combining the word **ci** (there) with forms of the verb **essere** (to be).

### C'è (There is)

Use **c'è** before a singular noun or an uncountable concept (like traffic or time). Notice that it is written with an apostrophe because it is a contraction of *ci* + *è*.

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### Ci sono (There are)

When talking about multiple things, use **ci sono** followed by a plural noun.

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### Questions and negatives

To ask a question in Italian, you do not need to change the word order. Simply use the exact same words and raise your intonation at the end of the sentence.

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To say "there isn't" or "there aren't", just place the word **non** immediately before the phrase, creating **non c'è** or **non ci sono**.

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There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
there is / there are	c'è
the park	il parco
in / made of (material)	in
the city	la città
There is a big park in the city.	C'è un parco grande in città.
the museum	il museo
the center / downtown	il centro
There are many museums downtown.	Ci sono molti musei in centro.
the square	la piazza
There is a famous square here.	Qui c'è una piazza famosa.
the street	la strada
There are old trees in that street.	Ci sono alberi vecchi in quella strada.
the traffic	il traffico
Is there a lot of traffic today?	C'è molto traffico oggi?
the bar / the cafe	il bar
There are not many bars here.	Non ci sono molti bar qui.
There is an excellent restaurant downtown.	C'è un ottimo ristorante in centro.
We are in the city, but there are no open shops.	Noi siamo in città, ma non ci sono negozi aperti.
Is there a modern museum in the square?	C'è un museo moderno in piazza?
There are beautiful flowers in that park.	In quel parco ci sono fiori belli.
There is a quiet bar in this street.	C'è un bar tranquillo in questa strada.
There are too many cars, and there is traffic.	Ci sono troppe macchine e c'è traffico.
We have a problem, there are no trains today!	Abbiamo un problema, non ci sono treni oggi!
There is no time, the museum is closed!	Non c'è tempo, il museo è chiuso!

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