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The word *ci* often means "there" for locations, but it can also act as a shortcut pronoun to replace entire phrases starting with the prepositions *con* (with) or *su* (on).

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### *Ci* replacing *con* (with)

When you want to say you do something "with him," "with her," "with them," or "with it," replace the whole phrase (*con lui*, *con lei*, etc.) with *ci*. Place it immediately before the conjugated verb.

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If the sentence has a modal verb (like *volere* or *potere*) followed by an infinitive, you can place *ci* right before the conjugated modal verb.

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### *Ci* replacing *su* (on)

Similarly, *ci* replaces phrases starting with *su* (on). This is useful for verbs often followed by *su*, such as *lavorare su* (to work on) or *contare su* (to count on).

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It works the same way when referring to people ("on him" or "on her"):

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### Attaching *ci* to the end of a verb

Like other pronouns, *ci* attaches to the end of the verb in specific situations:

- **Infinitives:** Drop the final *-e* and attach *ci* to the end (*fare* becomes *farci*, *contare* becomes *contarci*). You can do this even after a modal verb.
- **Imperatives:** For affirmative commands, attach *ci* to the end.

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{{item:819996}}

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The comitative and instrumental pronoun (ci)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
developer	lo sviluppatore
software	il software
They are the developers of this new software.	Loro sono gli sviluppatori di questo nuovo software.
with him/her/it (replacing 'con' or 'su' + noun/pronoun)	ci
The new developer is very nice, I talk with him often.	Il nuovo sviluppatore è molto simpatico, ci parlo spesso.
This software is awful, I don't want to work with it.	Questo software è pessimo, non ci voglio lavorare.
code	il codice
application	l'applicazione
We are ready to write all the code for the application.	Noi siamo pronti a scrivere tutto il codice per l'applicazione.
The code is full of errors, we cannot do anything good with it.	Il codice è pieno di errori, non possiamo farci niente di buono.
The application is slow, the developers are working on it.	L'applicazione è lenta, gli sviluppatori ci lavorano.
database	il database
server	il server
The database is on the old server.	Il database è sul vecchio server.
to count (rely)	contare
The server crashes often, you can't count on it.	Il server cade spesso, non puoi contarci.
user	l'utente
Every user must have a secure password.	Ogni utente deve avere una password sicura.
to click	cliccare
If you see the link for the database, click on it immediately!	Se vedi il link per il database, cliccaci subito!
bug	il bug
We found something strange, maybe a bug.	Abbiamo trovato qualcosa di strano, forse un bug.
to test	testare
Not even the developer understands this bug, we must test the application.	Nemmeno lo sviluppatore capisce questo bug, dobbiamo testare l'applicazione.
Don't click on that link, we still have to test the code!	Non cliccare su quel link, dobbiamo ancora testare il codice!
I would like to test the software with you, you can count on it.	Vorrei testare il software con te, ci puoi contare.
The user is angry. You cannot count on him.	L'utente è arrabbiato. Non ci puoi contare.
the app (short for l'applicazione)	l'app
The developer tests the app on the server.	Lo sviluppatore testa l'app sul server.
I download an app to learn languages.	Scarico un'app per imparare le lingue.

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