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### Attaching pronouns to commands

When you tell someone to perform an action on themselves—like stopping or getting up—you'll use a reflexive verb. For affirmative commands given to a person you address as **tu** (informal "you"), the reflexive pronoun **ti** attaches directly to the end of the imperative verb to form a single word.

| Infinitive | Imperative (*tu*) | Pronoun | Combined Command |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **fermarsi** | ferma | ti | **fermati** |
| **alzarsi** | alza | ti | **alzati** |

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### Directing movement

You will use this pattern frequently to direct someone's movement. Verbs like **avvicinarsi** (to approach) and **allontanarsi** (to move away) follow the exact same rule.

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### Urgent commands

If you need someone to react quickly, you can use these commands for actions like **spostarsi** (to move out of the way), **nascondersi** (to hide), and **sdraiarsi** (to lie down). 

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### Addressing a group

When giving a reflexive command to multiple people, use the **voi** (plural "you") form of the verb. Instead of **ti**, you will attach the plural pronoun **vi** to the end of the word. For example, **allontanate** + **vi** becomes **allontanatevi**.

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Reflexive imperatives (alzati)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
to stop (moving)	fermarsi
to stop (someone or something)	fermare
Stop here, there is a problem!	Fermati qui, c'è un problema!
immediately	immediatamente
Stop immediately!	Fermati immediatamente!
Get up immediately, the train has arrived!	Alzati immediatamente, il treno è arrivato!
to approach	avvicinarsi
Come closer to the table, please.	Avvicinati al tavolo, per favore.
Come closer to this car.	Avvicinati a questa macchina.
to move away	allontanarsi
Move away from the glass!	Allontanati dal vetro!
Hurry up and get ready for this party!	Fai presto e preparati per questa festa!
the wall	il muro
The wall is dirty.	Il muro è sporco.
to turn around	voltarsi
Turn around and look at this painting.	Voltati e guarda questo quadro.
Turn around, Maria has arrived!	Voltati, Maria è arrivata!
to move out of the way	spostarsi
Move out of the way, hurry up!	Spostati, sbrigati!
Move out of the way, the director has arrived!	Spostati, è arrivato il direttore!
to hide (oneself)	nascondersi
Hide behind the wall, quickly!	Nasconditi dietro il muro, presto!
Anna has arrived, hide here!	È arrivata Anna, nasconditi qui!
to lie down	sdraiarsi
Lie down on the bed and relax.	Sdraiati sul letto e rilassati.
Lie down on the floor immediately!	Sdraiati sul pavimento immediatamente!
Sit on the sofa and rest.	Siediti sul divano e riposa.
the ground	il suolo
Move away and lie down on the ground!	Allontanatevi e sdraiatevi al suolo!
Stop and sit on the ground immediately!	Fermati e siediti al suolo immediatamente!
to move (something, set it in motion)	muovere
The referee stops the match.	L'arbitro ferma la partita.
I stop the car near the wall.	Fermo la macchina vicino al muro.
I move the table toward the window.	Muovo il tavolo verso la finestra.
The wind moves the branches.	Il vento muove i rami.
to move (one's body), to be in motion / to hurry up, get a move on	muoversi
Don't move! There is a bear!	Non ti muovere! C'è un orso!
The cat moves slowly toward the bird.	Il gatto si muove lentamente verso l'uccello.

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