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When describing an ongoing action—like chasing energetic toddlers—you use the progressive tense: the conjugated verb **stare** followed by a gerund (a verb ending in **-ando** or **-endo**).

To add an object pronoun (like *them* or *his*), Italian gives you two choices for placement. Both mean exactly the same thing.

### 1. Before the verb "stare"

Place the object pronoun immediately before the conjugated verb **stare**.

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### 2. Attached to the gerund

Alternatively, attach the pronoun directly to the end of the gerund. You don't drop any letters; simply tack the pronoun onto the end to form a single word.

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Pronouns with the progressive (lo sto facendo)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the tantrum	il capriccio
to calm down	calmare
The little brother is throwing tantrums; I am calming him down.	Il fratellino fa i capricci; lo sto calmando.
to cuddle	coccolare
They are crying; I am cuddling them, the children.	Piangono; li sto coccolando, i bambini.
He is about to touch the oven; I am blocking him!	Sta per toccare il forno; lo sto bloccando!
He always throws tantrums; I am calming him down now.	Fa sempre i capricci; sto calmandolo adesso.
to dirty	sporcare
The child touches the wall and is getting it dirty.	Il bambino tocca il muro e sta sporcandolo.
the diaper	il pannolino
The newborn is crying; I am changing his diaper.	Il neonato piange; gli sto cambiando il pannolino.
He dirtied the living room rug; I am cleaning it.	Ha sporcato il tappeto del salotto; sto pulendolo.
to entertain	intrattenere
Marco's daughter is sad; I am entertaining her.	La figlia di Marco è triste; la sto intrattenendo.
exhausted	esausto
I am entertaining them in the garden, but I am exhausted.	Sto intrattenendoli in giardino, ma sono esausto.
to chase	rincorrere
The little boy runs everywhere; I have been chasing him for an hour.	Il ragazzino corre ovunque; lo sto rincorrendo da un'ora.
the stroller	il passeggino
to go and get, to pick up (someone)	andare a prendere
He is sleepy; I am cuddling him in the stroller.	Ha sonno; lo sto coccolando nel passeggino.
the crib	la culla
He fell asleep in the stroller; I am moving him into the crib.	Si è addormentato nel passeggino; lo sto spostando nella culla.
The diaper is clean; I am putting him in the crib, finally.	Il pannolino è pulito; lo sto mettendo nella culla, finalmente.
I am exhausted; I have been watching them since this morning.	Sono esausto; li sto guardando da stamattina.
The children are energetic, I am chasing them everywhere.	I bambini sono vivaci, sto rincorrendoli ovunque.
to console, to comfort	consolare
Today I am going to pick up my son from school.	Oggi vado a prendere mio figlio a scuola.
Who is going to pick up grandma at the station?	Chi va a prendere la nonna alla stazione?
The mom consoles the child who is crying.	La mamma consola il bambino che piange.
After the defeat, the coach consoles the team.	Dopo la sconfitta, l'allenatore consola la squadra.

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