Ognuno and Ciascuno
When you want to talk about every individual in a group, you will use the indefinite pronouns ognuno and ciascuno. Both translate to "everyone" or "each one." Because they single out individuals, they always take a third-person singular verb.
Ognuno (Everyone)
Ognuno is used exclusively to refer to people.
| Everyone has a new role. | Ognuno ha un nuovo ruolo. |
| Everyone is different. | Ognuno è diverso. |
Ciascuno (Each one)
Ciascuno can refer to people or things. When talking about people, it is largely interchangeable with ognuno, though it can place a slightly stronger focus on the individual ("each single one").
| Each one expresses a personal opinion. | Ciascuno esprime un'opinione personale. |
| Each one has a flaw, but we work together. | Ciascuno ha un difetto, ma noi lavoriamo insieme. |
Each of...
To specify the group you are talking about, use the preposition di (of) immediately after the pronoun.
| Each one of them has an important responsibility. | Ognuno di loro ha una responsabilità importante. |
Notice that even though the group (loro) is plural, the subject of the sentence is still "each one," so the verb remains singular.
When identifying the group with a specific noun rather than a pronoun, remember to combine di with the definite article (for example, di + i = dei).
| Each of the members is ready. | Ciascuno dei membri è pronto. |
| Each of the participants has a role. | Ciascuno dei partecipanti ha un ruolo. |