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Icelandic

### Days of the Week

In Icelandic, all days of the week end in **-dagur** (day). When talking about when things happen, you will use the preposition **á** (on). However, the grammatical case changes depending on whether you are talking about a single, specific day or a recurring weekly routine.

### Specific Days: á + Accusative

To say you are doing something "on Monday" (meaning this coming Monday or one specific Monday), use **á** followed by the accusative case with the definite article attached.

For words ending in **-dagur**, the accusative definite form is **-daginn**.

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### Recurring Routines: á + Dative

To say you do something "on Mondays" (meaning as a habit, every week), use **á** followed by the dative plural form.

For words ending in **-dagur**, the dative plural is **-dögum**. Notice how the **a** changes to **ö**—this is a very common vowel shift in Icelandic triggered by the **-um** plural ending.

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### Side by Side

Pay attention to the ending to know if someone is talking about a one-time event or a regular habit. Compare these two sentences about Friday (**föstudagur**):

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Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
Monday	mánudagur
I work on Monday.	Ég vinn á mánudaginn.
We always work on Mondays.	Við vinnum alltaf á mánudögum.
Tuesday	þriðjudagur
He is coming on Tuesday.	Hann kemur á þriðjudaginn.
I find the food bad on Tuesdays.	Mér finnst maturinn vondur á þriðjudögum.
Wednesday	miðvikudagur
I need to work on Wednesday.	Ég þarf að vinna á miðvikudaginn.
She usually reads a book on Wednesdays.	Hún les venjulega bók á miðvikudögum.
Thursday	fimmtudagur
The meeting is on Thursday at half past nine.	Fundurinn er á fimmtudaginn klukkan hálf tíu.
I always go to the gym on Thursdays.	Ég fer alltaf í ræktina á fimmtudögum.
Friday	föstudagur
The party is on Friday.	Veislan er á föstudaginn.
We order pizza on Fridays.	Við pöntum pitsu á föstudögum.
Saturday	laugardagur
What are you going to do on Saturday?	Hvað ætlar þú að gera á laugardaginn?
The shop is open on Saturdays.	Búðin er opin á laugardögum.
Sunday	sunnudagur
We visit grandma on Sunday.	Við heimsækjum ömmu á sunnudaginn.
We wake up late on Sundays.	Við vöknum seint á sunnudögum.

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