Họ vệ sinh vật dụng làm giàu môi trường.

Yes. In this sentence, vệ sinh is the main verb and means to clean, to sanitize, or to do cleaning.

It can also be a noun meaning hygiene, which is why you also see:

• giữ vệ sinh = maintain hygiene
• nhà vệ sinh = bathroom / restroom

So the exact meaning comes from context and sentence position. After Họ, it is being used as a verb.

Vật dụng means items, articles, tools, or equipment, especially things used for some practical purpose.

It is a bit more formal and specific than very general words like đồ. In this sentence, it refers to the objects used for environmental enrichment.

Literally, làm giàu môi trường means to make the environment richer.

In practice, this is a set phrase often used in animal care, zoos, and welfare contexts to mean environmental enrichment. It refers to adding objects or activities that make an animal's surroundings more stimulating and beneficial.

So here, vật dụng làm giàu môi trường means something like environmental enrichment items.

Because in Vietnamese, modifiers often come after the noun they describe.

So:

• vật dụng = items / equipment
• vật dụng làm giàu môi trường = items for environmental enrichment

This is very normal Vietnamese word order. English often puts the modifier before the noun, but Vietnamese commonly puts it after.

It can be either singular or plural if nothing else in the sentence makes the number explicit.

Vietnamese often leaves number unspecified when it is not important. English usually forces you to choose, so the translation may say item or items depending on context.

If you want to make it clearly plural in Vietnamese, you could say:

• các vật dụng làm giàu môi trường
• những vật dụng làm giàu môi trường

Vietnamese does not use articles like English the, a, or an.

Whether the noun is definite or indefinite is usually understood from context. So vật dụng làm giàu môi trường can mean:

• the environmental enrichment items
• environmental enrichment items
• some environmental enrichment items

If a speaker wants to be more specific, they can add words such as:

• những / các for plural marking
• này / kia / đó for this/that/those

The sentence follows a straightforward Subject + Verb + Object pattern:

• Họ = subject
• vệ sinh = verb
• vật dụng làm giàu môi trường = object

So structurally it is:

They + clean + environmental enrichment items

Also, notice that Vietnamese verbs do not change form for person or number, so vệ sinh stays the same no matter who is doing the action.

By itself, it can mean either, depending on context.

A plain Vietnamese present-tense sentence often leaves aspect unstated. So Họ vệ sinh vật dụng làm giàu môi trường could mean:

• They clean environmental enrichment items as a routine, or
• They are cleaning environmental enrichment items if the context makes it clear

If you want to show the action is happening right now, you would often add đang:

• Họ đang vệ sinh vật dụng làm giàu môi trường.

If you want to show a habit, you could add something like thường:

• Họ thường vệ sinh vật dụng làm giàu môi trường.

Yes, but the meaning becomes more specific.

• vệ sinh = clean / sanitize in a general or somewhat formal sense
• rửa = wash
• lau = wipe
• chùi = scrub / wipe clean
• dọn dẹp = tidy up / clean up

So vệ sinh is a good choice when the speaker wants a broad meaning like cleaning or sanitizing, especially in workplace, care, or procedural contexts.