Tình nguyện viên vệ sinh chuồng động vật.

A natural breakdown is:

• tình nguyện viên = volunteer / volunteers
• vệ sinh = clean, sanitize, or do cleaning
• chuồng động vật = animal cage(s), animal pen(s), or animal enclosure(s)

So the basic structure is:

• subject: tình nguyện viên
• verb: vệ sinh
• object: chuồng động vật

In very literal English word order, it is something like:

volunteer(s) clean animal enclosure(s)

It can be either singular or plural. Vietnamese nouns usually do not change form for singular vs. plural.

So tình nguyện viên can mean:

• a volunteer
• volunteers

Context tells you which one is meant.

If you want to make the plural more explicit, you can say:

• các tình nguyện viên = the volunteers / volunteers

Vietnamese does not work like English in this area.

• There are no articles exactly like a/an/the
• Nouns do not normally take a plural ending like -s

That means a bare noun such as tình nguyện viên or chuồng động vật is often understood from context.

If needed, Vietnamese can add words to make things more specific:

• một tình nguyện viên = one/a volunteer
• các tình nguyện viên = the volunteers / volunteers
• một cái chuồng = one/a cage
• các chuồng động vật = the animal cages

But in short, neutral sentences, Vietnamese often leaves that information unstated.

Yes. In this sentence, vệ sinh is being used as a verb, meaning to clean or to sanitize.

This is useful to know because vệ sinh can also function as a noun, meaning hygiene or sanitation.

For example:

• giữ vệ sinh = maintain hygiene
• vệ sinh trường học = school sanitation / hygiene

But in Tình nguyện viên vệ sinh chuồng động vật, it clearly works as the action:

• The volunteer(s) clean(s) the animal cages

Yes, very possibly.

Both can work, but they have slightly different feels:

• vệ sinh = more neutral, slightly more formal, often suggests cleaning/sanitizing
• dọn = more everyday, often suggests tidying up / cleaning up

So these are both natural depending on context:

• Tình nguyện viên vệ sinh chuồng động vật.
• Tình nguyện viên dọn chuồng động vật.

If the idea is routine cleaning in a shelter or zoo, vệ sinh sounds very reasonable. If the idea is more like cleaning out the pens, dọn is also very common.

Because Vietnamese noun phrases usually put the main noun first and the describing word after it.

Here:

• chuồng = the main noun, meaning cage/pen/enclosure
• động vật = the modifier, specifying that it is for animals

So:

• chuồng động vật = animal enclosure / animal cage

The order động vật chuồng does not work for this meaning.

This is a very common Vietnamese pattern:

• nhà bếp = kitchen
  literally house + kitchen
• xe buýt = bus
• bệnh viện = hospital

Vietnamese often builds compound nouns by putting the core thing first and the type/specifier after it.

Because chuồng động vật is a compact noun phrase meaning animal enclosure(s) in a general sense.

Using của would make the relationship feel more explicitly possessive:

• chuồng của động vật = the cage(s) of the animal(s)

That is grammatical, but it sounds less like a standard label and more like you are emphasizing possession.

So:

• chuồng động vật = natural as a category or type
• chuồng của động vật = more explicitly the animals’ cage(s)

In many contexts, Vietnamese prefers the shorter compound form.

Vietnamese usually does not mark tense the way English does. Instead, time is often understood from:

• context
• time words
• optional aspect markers

So Tình nguyện viên vệ sinh chuồng động vật could mean different things in English depending on context, such as:

• The volunteers clean the animal cages
• The volunteers are cleaning the animal cages

If you want to make the time more explicit, Vietnamese can add markers such as:

• đang = ongoing action
  Tình nguyện viên đang vệ sinh chuồng động vật.
  = The volunteers are cleaning the animal cages.

• đã = completed/past
  Tình nguyện viên đã vệ sinh chuồng động vật.
  = The volunteers cleaned / have cleaned the animal cages.

• sẽ = future
  Tình nguyện viên sẽ vệ sinh chuồng động vật.
  = The volunteers will clean the animal cages.

It can be either, depending on context.

In Vietnamese, a short subject + verb + object string like this is perfectly normal as a complete sentence.

But it also works very naturally as:

• a photo caption
• a headline-style sentence
• a brief description in learning materials

That is one reason it may feel a little more compact than English. Vietnamese often allows very short, clean sentences where English might want extra words.

Not exactly.

chuồng usually refers to an animal pen, coop, sty, stall, or enclosure. It often suggests a place where animals are kept, especially something more fixed or larger.

lồng usually means a cage, especially for smaller animals or birds.

So:

• chuồng gà = chicken coop
• chuồng heo = pigpen / pigsty
• lồng chim = birdcage

Because of that, chuồng động vật can be translated as:

• animal enclosure(s)
• animal pen(s)
• animal cage(s)

The best English word depends on the real-world setting.