Va li rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý.

Yes. In modern Vietnamese, all three spellings can be seen:

• va li
• vali
• va-li

They all mean suitcase.
Va li is a common spaced spelling, especially in learning materials and dictionaries that reflect Vietnamese syllable-based writing. Vali is also very common in everyday writing. Va-li is a more old-fashioned hyphenated style.

So if you see any of these, do not be confused—they refer to the same thing.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• va li → vah lee
• rơi → something like zuhy / yuhy in northern speech, or ruhy in southern speech, but this is only approximate
• từ → tuh with a low falling tone
• băng chuyền → bung chwyeen
• hành lý → hahn lee

A few important points:

• va and li have no tone marks, so they use the level tone
• từ, chuyền, and hành have the grave tone (falling)
• lý has the acute tone (rising)

The hardest part for many English speakers is usually rơi and từ, because the vowels are not quite like English vowels.

Vietnamese usually does not require articles like English does.

So:

• va li can mean a suitcase, the suitcase, or just suitcases in the right context
• băng chuyền hành lý can mean the baggage carousel or a baggage carousel, depending on context

Vietnamese relies heavily on context rather than articles. If the speaker wants to be more specific, they can add words such as:

• một cái va li = a suitcase
• chiếc va li đó = that suitcase
• băng chuyền hành lý này = this baggage carousel

Rơi means to fall or to drop.

In this sentence, it describes what happened to the suitcase:

• Va li rơi = The suitcase fell

It is an intransitive verb here, meaning the suitcase itself is the thing that falls.

Compare:

• Cái cốc rơi xuống đất. = The cup fell to the ground.
• Tôi làm rơi cái cốc. = I dropped the cup.

That second example is important:
làm rơi means to cause something to fall / to drop something.

Từ means from.

So:

• rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý = fell from the baggage carousel

It marks the starting point or source.

This is very similar to English from.
The basic structure is:

• [thing] + rơi + từ + [place]

Example:

• Quyển sách rơi từ trên bàn. = The book fell from the table.

Sometimes yes, but từ is the most straightforward and neutral choice here.

• từ = from
• khỏi often suggests moving away/out from something, and can sound a bit different in nuance depending on context

For this sentence, từ sounds natural and simple:

• Va li rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý.

You may also hear:

• Va li rơi khỏi băng chuyền hành lý.

That is understandable too, and it can emphasize the suitcase coming off the conveyor. But for learners, từ is the safest basic choice.

It means baggage conveyor belt / baggage carousel.

You can break it down like this:

• băng chuyền = conveyor belt
• hành lý = luggage / baggage

So together:

• băng chuyền hành lý = baggage conveyor belt or baggage claim carousel

At an airport, this is the machine where luggage comes out for passengers to collect it.

The sentence follows a very common Vietnamese pattern:

• Subject + Verb + Prepositional phrase

So:

• Va li = subject
• rơi = verb
• từ băng chuyền hành lý = prepositional phrase describing where it fell from

Literally:

• Suitcase fell from baggage conveyor

This is quite close to English word order, which is one reason the sentence is fairly easy for English speakers.

Vietnamese verbs usually do not change form for tense.

So rơi can mean:

• falls
• fell
• has fallen

The exact time is understood from context. If needed, Vietnamese adds time words or markers, for example:

• Va li đã rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý. = The suitcase fell / has fallen from the baggage carousel.
• Va li đang rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý. = The suitcase is falling from the baggage carousel.
• Va li sẽ rơi... = The suitcase will fall...

Without markers, the sentence is neutral and context decides the time.

Not necessarily. Vietnamese often omits classifiers when speaking in a general or simple way.

So:

• Va li rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý. is fine.

But you could also say:

• Chiếc va li rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý.

Here, chiếc is a classifier often used for vehicles and certain individual objects, including things like bags, suitcases, bicycles, and so on. It can make the noun sound a bit more specific or more natural in some contexts.

For a learner, both are useful:

• va li = simpler, more basic
• chiếc va li = a bit more explicit and noun-like

Yes, it is natural and understandable.

Depending on context, native speakers might also say:

• Chiếc va li rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý.
• Va li rơi khỏi băng chuyền hành lý.
• Va li bị rơi từ băng chuyền hành lý.
• Va li rơi xuống từ băng chuyền hành lý.

These versions have slightly different nuances:

• chiếc adds a classifier
• khỏi emphasizes coming off/out of the conveyor
• bị can suggest an unwanted or accidental event
• xuống emphasizes downward movement

But your original sentence is perfectly good and clear.

Yes. Hành lý is a general word for luggage/baggage.

In English, we sometimes choose:

• luggage in general travel situations
• baggage especially at airports

Vietnamese usually just uses hành lý for both. The exact English translation depends on context.

So in an airport sentence like this, translating it as baggage is very natural.