Dây thừng ở gần lều.

A natural word-by-word breakdown is:

• dây thừng = rope
• ở = to be at / located at
• gần = near / close to
• lều = tent

So the sentence structure is essentially:

• dây thừng
  • ở gần
    • lều
• the rope
  • is near
    • the tent

In dây thừng, the two words work together as a noun phrase meaning rope.

• dây often refers to something long and flexible, like a cord, string, wire, or line.
• thừng specifically refers to rope.

Together, dây thừng is a very clear way to say rope. In real usage, Vietnamese often uses combinations like this to make the meaning more specific.

The word order is actually fairly close to English here:

• Dây thừng = subject
• ở gần lều = location phrase

So:

• Dây thừng ở gần lều
• The rope is near the tent

Vietnamese often puts the thing being talked about first, then its location or description after it. That is very common and natural.

Ở marks location. In a sentence like this, it often works like is at / is in / is located at.

So:

• ở gần lều = is near the tent

It helps show that the sentence is about where something is.

Yes, in some contexts you may hear or see Dây thừng gần lều, and it can still be understood as The rope is near the tent.

However, ở makes the locational meaning clearer and more complete:

• Dây thừng ở gần lều = more explicit, very natural
• Dây thừng gần lều = shorter, but context matters more

For learners, using ở is a safe and good choice.

Gần means near or close to.

In this sentence, it comes after ở:

• ở gần lều = is near the tent

So the pattern is:

• [thing] + ở gần + [place]

Examples:

• Con mèo ở gần cửa. = The cat is near the door.
• Xe ở gần nhà. = The vehicle is near the house.

Vietnamese usually does not require articles like a, an, or the.

So dây thừng can mean:

• a rope
• the rope

Which one is intended depends on context.

This is very normal in Vietnamese. You often understand definiteness from the situation rather than from a separate word.

Lều means tent.

In this sentence, no classifier is needed because lều is inside a location phrase:

• ở gần lều = near the tent / near a tent

If you were counting or specifying it more explicitly, you might use a classifier, for example:

• một cái lều = a tent
• hai cái lều = two tents

But in simple location expressions, the bare noun lều is often perfectly natural.

No specific tense marker appears here.

Vietnamese often does not mark tense the same way English does. A sentence like Dây thừng ở gần lều can naturally be understood as present time from context:

• The rope is near the tent.

If needed, time words can be added, such as:

• bây giờ = now
• hôm qua = yesterday
• ngày mai = tomorrow

But in many cases, context is enough.

A rough English-friendly guide is:

• dây ≈ zay or yay depending on dialect
• thừng ≈ something like thuhng
• ở ≈ uh with a rising, broken tone
• gần ≈ guhn
• lều ≈ lee-oo said smoothly together

A few important notes:

• Vietnamese pronunciation varies by region.
• d in northern Vietnamese is often like z in English.
• In southern Vietnamese, it may sound more like y.
• Tones matter a lot, so a rough spelling can only help a little.

The tones are:

• dây — mid-rising tone
• thừng — low falling tone
• ở — broken rising tone
• gần — low tone
• lều — falling-rising tone

For learners, the main point is that every syllable has its own tone, and changing the tone can change the meaning.

Yes. Dây thừng ở gần lều is a complete, natural sentence.

It has:

• a subject: dây thừng
• a location expression: ở gần lều

That is enough to make a full statement meaning that the rope is near the tent.

A common yes-no question form is to add không at the end:

• Dây thừng ở gần lều không?
• Is the rope near the tent?

Another way is to use có ... không:

• Dây thừng có ở gần lều không?

But for this kind of sentence, the shorter version is often more natural in everyday speech.

You can modify the location phrase:

• Dây thừng ở rất gần lều. = The rope is very near the tent.
• Dây thừng ở xa lều. = The rope is far from the tent.

So:

• gần = near
• rất gần = very near
• xa = far

Yes, depending on exactly what you mean.

Possible related words include:

• dây = cord, string, line, wire, or rope in some contexts
• sợi dây = a cord/string/rope-like item
• dây thừng = rope

If you want to be clearly understood as meaning rope, dây thừng is a good choice.