Собака показує язик.

Собака is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence, the one doing the action.

A useful extra point: собака is a grammatically feminine noun because it ends in -а. That affects agreement in some contexts:

• велика собака = a big dog
• собака показувала язик = the dog was showing its tongue

Even though the noun is grammatically feminine, it can still refer to a dog in a general sense, not only specifically a female dog.

Показує is the 3rd person singular present tense form of показувати, meaning to show.

It matches the subject собака, which is singular:

• собака показує = the dog shows / is showing
• собаки показують = the dogs show / are showing

So the ending -є here tells you it is he/she/it form in the present.

Ukrainian uses imperfective verbs for actions seen as ongoing, repeated, or simply presented without focusing on completion.

So показує works well for:

• is showing
• shows
• a neutral description of what is happening

The perfective partner is показати. Its future form would be покаже, meaning will show.

So:

• Собака показує язик. = The dog is showing its tongue / shows its tongue.
• Собака покаже язик. = The dog will show its tongue.

Язик is the direct object, so it is in the accusative case.

However, язик is a masculine inanimate noun, and for many masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative singular looks exactly like the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: язик
• accusative: язик

That is why the form stays the same.

Compare this with an animate noun:

• Я бачу собаку. = I see the dog.

Here собака changes to собаку in the accusative.

Yes. Язик is a masculine singular noun.

You can tell partly from its dictionary form and how it behaves in grammar. For example, with an adjective:

• довгий язик = a long tongue

The adjective довгий is in the masculine form, matching язик.

Ukrainian has no articles. There is no separate word for a, an, or the.

So Собака показує язик can mean:

• The dog is showing its tongue
• A dog is showing its tongue

Which one sounds best depends on context. Ukrainian usually leaves that to the situation instead of marking it with articles.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order.

The most neutral order here is:

• Собака показує язик.

But other orders are possible for emphasis:

• Язик показує собака. = It is the dog that is showing its tongue.
• Собака язик показує. = More emphasis on tongue, or a more conversational rhythm.

For a beginner, the basic subject + verb + object order is the safest choice.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Literally, it is shows its tongue. But in natural English, this is often best translated as:

• The dog is sticking out its tongue

So Ukrainian показувати язик is a normal way to describe that action.

If you want to focus more specifically on the idea of physically sticking it out, Ukrainian can also use висовувати язик.

The stress is:

• соба́ка
• пока́зує
• я́зик

So the full sentence is:

соба́ка пока́зує я́зик

A rough English-style pronunciation guide would be:

so-BA-ka po-KA-zu-ye YA-zyk

A few helpful notes:

• є in показує sounds like ye
• я in язик begins with a ya sound
• Ukrainian pronunciation is generally quite regular compared with English spelling

Not necessarily. Grammatically, собака is feminine, but in everyday usage it can refer to:

• a dog in general
• a female dog
• sometimes even a male dog, depending on context

If someone wants to specify a male dog more clearly, they might use пес.

So:

• собака = dog, often general
• пес = male dog, or dog in a more specifically masculine sense

That means Собака показує язик is perfectly normal as a general sentence about a dog.