Мій брат читає ту ж книгу.

Because брат is a masculine singular noun, and the possessive pronoun мій must agree with it in gender, number, and case.

• мій = my (masculine singular)
• моя = my (feminine singular)
• моє = my (neuter singular)

So:

• мій брат = my brother
• моя сестра = my sister
• моє місто = my city

Because книгу is in the accusative case, which is used here for the direct object of the verb читає.

The verb читати means to read, and the thing being read goes into the accusative:

• книга = book (nominative, dictionary form)
• книгу = book (accusative singular)

So:

• Мій брат читає книгу. = My brother is reading a book.

This is very common in Ukrainian: the subject is usually nominative, and the direct object is often accusative.

Because ту is the accusative feminine singular form of та.

Since книгу is feminine singular and is in the accusative, the demonstrative must match it:

• та книга = that book (nominative)
• ту книгу = that book (accusative)

So in this sentence, ту agrees with книгу.

Here ж means something like the same or adds emphasis similar to the very same.

So ту ж книгу means:

• the same book
• literally something like that same book

This ж is a short unstressed particle, related to же. In this structure, it helps express sameness when used after words like той / та / те / ті.

So:

• той самий чоловік = the same man
• ту ж книгу = the same book

In everyday English, you would usually translate it simply as the same book.

Yes. Мій брат читає ту саму книгу is very natural and often clearer for learners.

Both can mean My brother is reading the same book:

• ту ж книгу
• ту саму книгу

The version with саму is often more explicit and easier to recognize as same. The version with ж is shorter and also very common.

Читає is the 3rd person singular present tense form of читати (to read).

It matches брат because брат is:

• third person
• singular

Basic forms:

• я читаю = I read / I am reading
• ти читаєш = you read
• він / вона читає = he / she reads
• ми читаємо = we read
• ви читаєте = you read
• вони читають = they read

So Мій брат читає = My brother reads / is reading.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Ukrainian present tense often covers both:

• he reads
• he is reading

So Мій брат читає ту ж книгу could mean:

• My brother reads the same book
• My brother is reading the same book

Usually the context tells you which one is meant.

Because Ukrainian does not usually use a separate verb like is to form the present continuous the way English does.

English:

• My brother is reading

Ukrainian:

• Мій брат читає

The single verb читає already expresses the present action.

The basic order here is:

• Мій брат = subject
• читає = verb
• ту ж книгу = object

So it follows a common Subject–Verb–Object pattern.

However, Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical roles. You can move parts of the sentence for emphasis:

• Мій брат читає ту ж книгу. = neutral
• Ту ж книгу читає мій брат. = emphasizes the same book
• Читає ту ж книгу мій брат. = more marked, stylistic

Not every order sounds equally natural in every context, but reordering is possible.

The endings help you.

• брат is in the nominative case, which usually marks the subject.
• книгу is in the accusative case, which often marks the direct object.

So even if the word order changes, the case endings still show who is doing the reading and what is being read.

This is one of the most important features of Ukrainian grammar.

Literally, it is closer to that same book, because ту comes from та = that.

But in normal English, the best translation is often just:

• the same book

So the Ukrainian expression may look more specific than the natural English translation.

Yes. Цю ж книгу would mean this same book, not that same book.

Compare:

• ту ж книгу = that same book
• цю ж книгу = this same book

In English, both may sometimes end up as the same book, depending on context, but Ukrainian keeps the this/that distinction.

A helpful approximate pronunciation is:

• chy-TA-ye

A few details:

• ч sounds roughly like ch in cheese
• и is not exactly English ee or ih; it is a distinct Ukrainian vowel
• the stress is on та: чита́є

So:

• чита́є

If you are learning pronunciation, it is worth paying attention to the stress, because Ukrainian stress is important and not always predictable.

Yes. Words that describe or point to a noun often agree with it in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• книгу = feminine singular accusative
• ту also becomes feminine singular accusative

If you replaced книгу with a different noun, the form would change. For example:

• той самий журнал = the same magazine (masculine, nominative)
• ту саму книгу = the same book (feminine, accusative)
• те саме місто = the same city (neuter, nominative)

Agreement is a major part of Ukrainian grammar.