Ми йдемо тротуаром до аптеки, бо не хочемо йти дорогою.

Because they are doing different jobs:

• йдемо = a conjugated present-tense verb: we are going / we go
• йти = the infinitive: to go

In the sentence:

• Ми йдемо тротуаром до аптеки = We are going along the sidewalk to the pharmacy
• не хочемо йти дорогою = we do not want to go along the road

After хотіти (to want), Ukrainian normally uses the infinitive:

• хочемо йти = want to go

So this is very similar to English: we are going... because we do not want to go...

This is a very common question with verbs of motion.

• йти usually means to go on foot in one direction, or to be going right now
• ходити usually means to go on foot regularly, habitually, or in various directions

Here the sentence describes a specific movement happening now, toward a destination, so йти is the natural choice.

Compare:

• Ми йдемо до аптеки. = We’re going to the pharmacy.
• Ми ходимо до цієї аптеки щотижня. = We go to this pharmacy every week.

Because тротуаром is the instrumental singular form of тротуар.

• dictionary form: тротуар
• instrumental singular: тротуаром

In this sentence, the instrumental is used to show the path or route by which someone moves:

• йти тротуаром = to go along the sidewalk
• йти лісом = to go through the forest
• їхати дорогою = to travel by/along the road

So тротуаром does not mean with a sidewalk. It means along the sidewalk / by way of the sidewalk.

For the same reason as тротуаром: it shows the route/path.

• dictionary form: дорога = road
• instrumental singular: дорогою

So:

• йти дорогою = to go along the road
• не хочемо йти дорогою = we don’t want to go along the road

This is a very natural use of the instrumental in Ukrainian with movement.

Also, дорогою here comes from дорога (road), not from дорогий (expensive/dear), even though the forms can look similar to learners.

Both can be possible, but they are not exactly the same in nuance.

• до аптеки = to the pharmacy, focusing on the destination as a point you are going toward/up to
• в аптеку = into the pharmacy, focusing more on entering it

In many everyday situations, both are natural:

• Я йду до аптеки.
• Я йду в аптеку.

In this sentence, до аптеки sounds very normal because the idea is simply the destination: we are going to the pharmacy.

Аптеки is the genitive singular form of аптека.

That happens because the preposition до requires the genitive:

• аптека = nominative
• до аптеки = genitive after до

So:

• до магазину = to the store
• до школи = to the school
• до аптеки = to the pharmacy

Because бо means because, and here it introduces a reason clause:

• Ми йдемо тротуаром до аптеки, бо не хочемо йти дорогою.

Ukrainian normally puts a comma before бо in this kind of sentence, just as English often separates the two clauses:

• We are going along the sidewalk to the pharmacy, because we do not want to go along the road.

So the comma is standard punctuation here.

Yes. A few common alternatives are:

• тому що = because
• оскільки = since / because
• через те, що = because of the fact that (more formal/heavier)

For example:

• Ми йдемо тротуаром до аптеки, тому що не хочемо йти дорогою.

That means almost the same thing.
Бо is very common, natural, and conversational.

Because after хотіти (to want), Ukrainian uses the infinitive.

So:

• хочу їсти = I want to eat
• хочемо йти = we want to go
• не хочемо йти = we do not want to go

A conjugated form like йдемо cannot normally follow хочемо in this structure.

No. Ukrainian often omits subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows the subject.

Here, йдемо and хочемо both clearly show we, so repeating ми is not necessary:

• Ми йдемо тротуаром до аптеки, бо не хочемо йти дорогою. = natural
• Ми йдемо тротуаром до аптеки, бо ми не хочемо йти дорогою. = also possible, but more emphatic

So the second ми is usually omitted unless you want emphasis or contrast.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English, though not completely free.

The original sentence is natural and neutral:

• Ми йдемо тротуаром до аптеки, бо не хочемо йти дорогою.

But other orders are possible, depending on emphasis:

• Ми йдемо до аптеки тротуаром, бо не хочемо йти дорогою.
• До аптеки ми йдемо тротуаром, бо не хочемо йти дорогою.

The basic meaning stays the same, but the emphasis shifts slightly.

Because Ukrainian does not have articles like English a/an/the.

So Ukrainian often uses just the noun, and the listener understands from context whether it means:

• a pharmacy
• the pharmacy

In this sentence, English naturally uses the pharmacy and the sidewalk/road, but Ukrainian does not need separate article words to express that.