Запечена піца пахне дуже апетитно.

Запечена is a past passive participle of the perfective verb запекти (“to bake through/complete baking”). In this sentence it functions as an adjective, describing піца. Morphologically, it consists of:

• prefix за- (marks the perfective aspect)
• root пек (from пекти “to bake”)
• participial suffix -ен(а) (forms the passive meaning “that has been baked”)

Because it must agree with the noun піца, which is feminine singular in the nominative case. In Ukrainian adjectives and participles take endings that match the gender, number and case of the noun they modify. Feminine singular nominative typically ends in -а or -я.

The prefix за- makes the verb пекти (“to bake”) perfective: запекти means “to finish baking” or “to bake completely.” The past passive participle запечена therefore emphasizes that the pizza is already fully baked.

Піца is:

• Nominative case (it’s the subject)
• Singular number
• Feminine gender

It stays in its base form because it’s what’s doing the smelling (пахне).

Пахне is the 3rd person singular present form of the imperfective verb пахнути (“to smell,” in the sense of giving off an odor). It’s intransitive here and takes no direct object. Instead, it’s often combined with:

• instrumental when saying “smells like something” (e.g. пахне хлібом)
• or an adverb when describing the quality of the smell (e.g. пахне апетитно).

Because it modifies the verb пахне, describing how the pizza smells. Adverbs in Ukrainian typically end in -о or -е. Here апетитно is formed from the adjective апетитний (“appetizing”), turning it into the adverb “appetizingly.”

Дуже means “very” and intensifies the adverb апетитно. Other common intensifiers include:

• надзвичайно апетитно (extremely appetizingly)
• вельми апетитно (quite appetizingly)
• simply omitting it yields апетитно (“appetizingly”).