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Questions & Answers about Мій друг освічений.
Why is there no word for "is" in the sentence, unlike in English?
In Ukrainian, the present tense of the verb “to be” (copula) is typically omitted. The adjective “освічений” directly serves as the predicate, so the meaning “is educated” is understood without an explicit linking verb.
How do the words “Мій” and “друг” agree with each other?
“Мій” is the masculine singular possessive pronoun meaning “my,” and “друг” is a masculine singular noun meaning “friend.” They both are in the nominative case, which is used for the subject of the sentence, ensuring proper agreement in gender, number, and case.
What is the function of the adjective “освічений” in this sentence?
“Освічений” acts as a predicate adjective describing the state or quality of the noun “друг.” Despite the absence of an explicit linking verb, its placement after “друг” forms a predicate structure equivalent to “My friend is educated.”
Is “освічений” a regular adjective or is it derived from a participle, and does its form change?
“Освічений” is derived from the verbal root of “освітити” (to educate/enlighten) and functions as a predicate adjective. In this usage, it effectively serves as the short form of the adjective; in the masculine nominative predicate position, the short and full forms often appear identical.
Can the sentence be constructed with an explicit linking verb, and if so, is that common practice?
It is grammatically possible to include the linking verb “є” (is) in Ukrainian (resulting in “Мій друг є освічений”), but doing so in the present tense is uncommon and usually sounds redundant. Modern Ukrainian typically omits “є” in the present tense for a cleaner, more natural construction.