Наша директорка є дуже освіченою, бо вона постійно читає наукові статті.

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Breakdown of Наша директорка є дуже освіченою, бо вона постійно читає наукові статті.

• бути: to be
• дуже: very
• вона: she
• наш: our
• науковий: scientific
• директорка: the director
• освічений: educated
• бо: because
• постійно: constantly
• стаття: the article

Questions & Answers about Наша директорка є дуже освіченою, бо вона постійно читає наукові статті.

What does директорка mean, and why is this specific form used in the sentence?

Директорка means "female director" or "headmistress." The ending -ка is a feminine marker in Ukrainian, which distinguishes it from the masculine form директор. This explicit gender marking is common in Ukrainian when referring to professions or titles.

Why is the copula є included in the sentence, when sometimes the verb "to be" is omitted in Ukrainian?

While Ukrainian often omits the copula є in the present tense for informal speech, including it here adds clarity and formality. In this sentence, є clearly links the subject Наша директорка with the predicate дуже освіченою, emphasizing her state of being educated.

Why is the adjective освіченою used in the instrumental case instead of the nominative case?

In Ukrainian, when expressing a state or quality with verbs like є, predicate adjectives are typically placed in the instrumental case. Освіченою is the instrumental feminine singular form of освічений, which agrees with the feminine noun директорка. This construction is used to describe a characteristic or condition.

What role does the conjunction бо play in the sentence, and how does it compare to other causal conjunctions like тому що?

The conjunction бо means "because" and introduces the reason behind the director being described as educated. Although бо and тому що both express causation, бо is shorter and often used in more informal contexts. It connects the idea of her education directly to her habit of reading scientific articles.

How is the verb читає conjugated, and what does this tell us about the subject?

Читає is the third-person singular present tense form of the verb читати (to read). This conjugation agrees with the pronoun вона (she), indicating that the subject is performing the action. The inclusion of the adverb постійно further emphasizes that she reads scientific articles regularly.

What can be understood about the phrase наукові статті in terms of case and number?

Наукові статті translates as "scientific articles." In this sentence, it functions as the direct object of the verb читає. Since статті is an inanimate plural noun, the nominative and accusative forms are identical, and the adjective наукові agrees in gender, number, and case with статті.