Learn Hardcore Ukrainian: На осінньому святі ми приготували пиріг із гарбуза. - At the autumn celebration, we made a pumpkin pie.

It translates as "At the autumn celebration, we prepared a pumpkin pie." This means that during an event or festival held in autumn, those involved made a pie using pumpkin.

How does the phrase на осінньому святі function in the sentence?

This phrase acts as a locative adverbial phrase indicating where (or during what event) the action took place. The preposition на requires the following noun святі to be in the locative case, and the adjective осінньому is in the same case to agree with it, thereby specifying that it was an autumn celebration.

Why is гарбуза in the genitive case in this sentence?

In Ukrainian, when describing a dish made from a particular ingredient, the preposition (here із, a variant of з) is used with the genitive case. Пиріг із гарбуза literally means a pie made from pumpkin. The genitive гарбуза indicates that pumpkin is the material or ingredient the pie is made of.

What does the verb приготували tell us about the action in the sentence?

Приготували is the past tense form of the perfective verb приготувати, which means "to prepare" or "to cook." The perfective aspect shows that the preparation was a completed action. This indicates that by the time of the autumn celebration, the pie was already fully prepared.

How is the adjective осінньому formed, and why does it take the ending -ому?

In Ukrainian, adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in case, number, and gender. Since святі is in the locative case, осінньому takes the ending -ому to match it. This agreement marks the adjective as describing something related to autumn (i.e., an autumn celebration).

What should a learner note about the word order in this Ukrainian sentence compared to English?

Ukrainian word order is generally more flexible than English. In this sentence, the locative phrase на осінньому святі is placed at the beginning to set the context, even though the basic information of subject (ми), verb (приготували), and object (пиріг із гарбуза) remains clear. English typically follows a more rigid subject-verb-object order, so learners should be mindful that Ukrainian allows for different arrangements without altering the meaning.