Learn Hardcore Ukrainian: Експеримент показав, що наша методика ефективна, і результати були вражаючими. - The experiment showed that our methodology is effective and the results were impressive.

що is a subordinating conjunction that introduces the clause explaining what the experiment showed. In this context, it is equivalent to the English word that in sentences like “The experiment showed that our methodology is effective.”

Why does the sentence use a mix of tenses—with a past tense verb in the main clause and a present tense adjective in the subordinate clause?

The main clause uses the past tense показав because it refers to an experiment that was conducted in the past. However, the clause наша методика ефективна uses the present tense to indicate that the methodology is still effective now. This mix is typical in Ukrainian when past events establish facts or states that remain true in the present.

How do adjectives agree with nouns in this sentence, particularly in наша методика ефективна?

In Ukrainian, adjectives must agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. The noun методика is feminine, singular, and in the nominative case, so the adjective ефективна is also feminine, singular, and nominative to correctly match it.

What case is the adjective in результати були вражаючими, and why is that case used?

The adjective вражаючими is in the instrumental plural. In Ukrainian, predicate adjectives following the copular verb (here, були meaning “were”) are often placed in the instrumental case to express the state or quality of the subject—in this case, describing that the results were impressive.

Can you explain the overall structure and punctuation of the sentence?

The sentence is structured in three parts. The main clause is Експеримент показав, followed by a subordinate clause introduced by що, which explains that our methodology is effective. Then, connected by the coordinating conjunction і, there is an additional clause результати були вражаючими. Commas are used to separate these clauses properly, clarifying which parts of the sentence depend on others.

Why is показав conjugated in the past tense even though the methodology is described with a present tense adjective?

показав is in the past tense because it describes the action of the experiment having been conducted. Although the experiment occurred in the past, its conclusion—that the methodology is effective—is still considered valid in the present, which is why the subordinate clause uses the present tense.