Learn Hardcore Ukrainian: Я зробив фотографію мальовничого пейзажу під час прогулянки. - I took a photograph of a picturesque landscape during a walk.

Зробив is the past tense, perfective form of the verb зробити. In this context, it means "took" (as in "I took a photograph"), indicating that the action is completed.

Why is the noun фотографію in the accusative case, and what role does it play?

Фотографію is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb зробив. It specifies what action was performed—in this case, the action of taking a photograph.

Why is the phrase мальовничого пейзажу in the genitive case, and how does it relate to фотографію?

In Ukrainian, when describing the subject or content of something (like a photograph), the noun phrase is often put into the genitive case. Here, мальовничого пейзажу means "of a picturesque landscape," clarifying what the photograph is of. The adjective мальовничого and the noun пейзажу are both in the genitive to match this relationship.

What does the prepositional phrase під час прогулянки mean, and why is прогулянки in the genitive?

Під час means "during," and it always takes a noun in the genitive case. Thus, прогулянки is the genitive form of прогулянка ("walk"), forming the phrase "during a walk."

How does Ukrainian word order compare to English in this sentence, considering there are no articles?

Ukrainian relies heavily on case endings, which clearly indicate the grammatical roles of words; this allows for a more flexible word order compared to English. Although English uses articles like "a" or "the" to signal definiteness, Ukrainian does not have articles at all. Instead, context and declension provide the necessary cues, so the sentence structure may differ from English while still conveying the same meaning.