Аромат кави сильний.

In Ukrainian, the present-tense form of to be is usually omitted.

So:

• Аромат кави сильний. = The aroma of the coffee is strong.

Ukrainian speakers normally do not say a separate word for is in sentences like this. The link between the subject and the description is understood automatically.

In the past or future, бути would appear:

• Аромат кави був сильний. = The coffee aroma was strong.
• Аромат кави буде сильний. = The coffee aroma will be strong.

Because кави is the genitive singular form of кава.

Here, кави means of coffee, so:

• аромат кави = aroma of coffee

This is a very common Ukrainian pattern:

• чашка кави = a cup of coffee
• смак кави = the taste of coffee
• колір неба = the color of the sky

So кава is the dictionary form, but кави is used here because it depends on аромат.

Because it agrees with аромат, which is a masculine singular noun.

In Ukrainian, adjectives agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here:

• аромат = masculine singular
• so сильний must also be masculine singular

That is why it is сильний, not:

• сильна (feminine)
• сильне (neuter)
• сильні (plural)

Because сильний describes аромат, not кави.

The structure is:

• [Аромат] [кави] [сильний]
• [The aroma] [of coffee] [is strong]

So the main noun is аромат.
Кави is only part of the phrase аромат кави and tells you what kind of aroma it is.

A good way to think about it in English is:

• The aroma of coffee is strong.

The adjective strong describes aroma, not coffee. The same thing happens in Ukrainian.

Here is the breakdown:

• Аромат — nominative singular masculine
  It is the subject of the sentence.

• кави — genitive singular feminine
  It means of coffee and depends on аромат.

• сильний — nominative singular masculine adjective
  It agrees with аромат.

So the grammar is very compact:

• subject: Аромат
• dependent noun: кави
• predicate adjective: сильний

Yes, Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order.

In Аромат кави сильний, the adjective is being used predicatively:
the sentence means The coffee aroma is strong.

Putting сильний at the end is natural for that structure.

If you say:

• сильний аромат кави

that is more naturally understood as a noun phrase:

• a strong coffee aroma

So there is an important difference:

• Аромат кави сильний. = The aroma of coffee is strong.
• Сильний аромат кави. = strong coffee aroma

Ukrainian word order can shift for emphasis, but in this sentence the final adjective clearly works as the statement about the subject.

No. Ukrainian does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So Аромат кави сильний can mean, depending on context:

• The coffee aroma is strong
• The aroma of coffee is strong
• sometimes even a more general Coffee aroma is strong

Context tells you whether the meaning is definite or indefinite.

That is very normal in Ukrainian.

A helpful rough guide is:

• a-ro-MAT KA-vy SYL-nyy

Stress:

• арома́т
• ка́ви
• си́льний

A few pronunciation notes:

• и is not the same as English ee. It is shorter and more central.
• ль in сильний is a soft l.
• The ending -ий in careful pronunciation is roughly like -yy, though in fast speech it may sound shorter.

Сильний is a natural choice when talking about the strength or intensity of a smell/aroma.

For coffee, Ukrainian often uses:

• міцна кава = strong coffee
  meaning the drink itself is strong

But for an aroma or smell, сильний is usually the clearer, more direct choice:

• сильний аромат = a strong aroma
• сильний запах = a strong smell

So:

• міцний often relates to strength, concentration, or potency
• сильний often works better for intensity, including smell

Yes, but the nuance changes.

• аромат usually suggests a pleasant, appealing, or rich smell
• запах is more neutral and simply means smell

With coffee, аромат is especially common because coffee is usually associated with a pleasant scent.

So:

• аромат кави = coffee aroma
• запах кави = smell of coffee

Both are possible, but аромат sounds more positive and natural in this context.

It is a complete sentence.

Even though there is no written word for is, the sentence has everything it needs:

• Аромат кави = the subject
• сильний = what is being said about the subject

So it is a normal Ukrainian sentence meaning:

• The aroma of coffee is strong.

By contrast:

• сильний аромат кави

is more naturally just a phrase, not a full statement.

That difference is important for learners:

• noun + adjective at the end can form a sentence
• adjective + noun is usually just a noun phrase