Лікар оглянув артерію.

The doctor examined the artery.

Breakdown of Лікар оглянув артерію.

• лікар: the doctor
• оглянути: to examine; inspect
• артерія: the artery

Questions & Answers about Лікар оглянув артерію.

What case are лікар and артерію, and why?

Лікар is in the nominative singular because it is the subject — the one doing the action.

Артерію is in the accusative singular because it is the direct object — the thing being examined.

So the structure is:

• лікар = doctor, as the subject
• оглянув = examined
• артерію = artery, as the object

This is a very standard Ukrainian sentence pattern: subject + verb + direct object.

Why is it артерію, not артерія?

Because артерія is the dictionary form (nominative singular), but after a transitive verb like оглянув, Ukrainian usually puts the direct object into the accusative case.

For a feminine noun ending in -ія, the accusative singular changes like this:

• артерія → артерію

So:

• артерія = artery
• оглянув артерію = examined the artery

This is a very common pattern:

• лінія → лінію
• історія → історію
• артерія → артерію