Лікар оглянув шлунок.

Ukrainian has no articles, so nouns appear without words like a/an or the.

So лікар can mean:

• a doctor
• the doctor

Which one sounds best depends on the context. The same is true for шлунок: it can mean a stomach or the stomach.

In a standalone sentence like Лікар оглянув шлунок, English usually adds articles naturally: The doctor examined the stomach or A doctor examined the stomach.

Лікар is in the nominative case, which is the normal case for the subject of the sentence.

So in:

• Лікар = the doctor, the one doing the action
• оглянув = examined
• шлунок = stomach, the thing being examined

A learner may notice that шлунок looks the same as a nominative form too. That is because for many inanimate masculine nouns, the accusative singular has the same form as the nominative singular.

So even though шлунок looks unchanged, here it is functioning as the direct object.

Because шлунок is a masculine inanimate noun, and in Ukrainian the accusative singular of masculine inanimate nouns is usually the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: шлунок
• accusative: шлунок

That is normal.

Compare that with an animate masculine noun, where the accusative often matches the genitive instead. For example:

• лікар (doctor, nominative)
• лікаря (doctor, accusative/genitive when animate)

So the object шлунок does not visibly change because it is inanimate.

Оглянув is:

• past tense
• masculine singular
• from the verb оглянути

It means examined / looked over / inspected.

In the Ukrainian past tense, the verb often shows the gender and number of the subject:

• оглянув = masculine singular
• оглянула = feminine singular
• оглянуло = neuter singular
• оглянули = plural

So оглянув matches a masculine singular subject such as лікар.

Yes. In the past tense, Ukrainian verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

That means the verb form changes depending on who did the action:

• Лікар оглянув шлунок = a male doctor examined the stomach
• Лікарка оглянула шлунок = a female doctor examined the stomach

This is very common in Ukrainian and is something English does not do, so it often stands out to English-speaking learners.

This is a question about aspect, which is very important in Ukrainian verbs.

• оглянув is perfective
• оглядав is imperfective

Here:

• оглянув presents the examination as a completed whole
• оглядав would focus more on the process, repeated action, or background action

So:

• Лікар оглянув шлунок = The doctor examined the stomach.
  The action is presented as completed.
• Лікар оглядав шлунок = The doctor was examining the stomach / examined the stomach repeatedly or in a process-focused way.

In a simple one-time completed event, оглянув is the most natural choice.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings help show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Лікар оглянув шлунок.

But you could also hear:

• Шлунок оглянув лікар.
• Оглянув шлунок лікар.

These versions change the emphasis more than the core meaning.

For example:

• Лікар оглянув шлунок = neutral statement
• Шлунок оглянув лікар = emphasizes the stomach
• Оглянув шлунок лікар = can sound more literary, marked, or context-driven

English usually relies much more heavily on word order to show who did what, while Ukrainian can use word order for focus and style.

A helpful stress pattern is:

• ліка́р
• огля́нув
• шлу́нок

So you can say it roughly like:

lee-KAR oh-HLYA-noov SHLOO-nok

A few pronunciation notes:

• гл in оглянув can feel tricky for English speakers.
• шл at the start of шлунок is also an unusual cluster if you are coming from English.
• Ukrainian у sounds like oo in food.

A slow breakdown:

• лі-кар
• о-гля-нув
• шлу-нок

Grammatically, лікар is a masculine noun form, and in a sentence like this the verb оглянув is also masculine, so this specific sentence points to a male doctor.

If you want to clearly refer to a female doctor, modern Ukrainian often uses:

• лікарка

Then the sentence would be:

• Лікарка оглянула шлунок.

You may also encounter contexts where a woman is described with лікар, especially in older usage or certain styles, but for learners it is best to understand this sentence as referring to a male doctor.

No. Оглянути has a broader meaning than just medical examination.

It can mean:

• to examine
• to inspect
• to look over
• to check

In medical contexts, it often means to examine a patient or a body part. But it can also be used for things like:

• inspecting a room
• looking over damage
• checking an object

So in this sentence it fits the medical meaning naturally because the subject is лікар and the object is шлунок.