Лікар оглянув кістку.

Because кістку is the accusative singular form of кістка (bone).

In this sentence, кістка is the direct object of the verb оглянув (examined), so Ukrainian changes the noun ending:

• nominative: кістка = bone
• accusative: кістку = bone as the thing being examined

This is very common in Ukrainian: nouns often change form depending on their role in the sentence.

Оглянув is the past tense masculine singular form of the verb оглянути.

So it tells you that:

• the action happened in the past
• the subject is masculine singular

Since the subject is лікар (doctor), the verb matches that masculine subject.

Compare:

• лікар оглянув = the male doctor examined
• лікарка оглянула = the female doctor examined

Yes, most naturally it does.

There are two clues:

• лікар is the standard noun doctor, historically masculine in form
• оглянув is a masculine past tense verb form

So Лікар оглянув кістку is understood as A/The male doctor examined the bone.

If you wanted to make the doctor clearly female, you would usually say:

• Лікарка оглянула кістку.

Ukrainian has no articles, so there is no direct equivalent of English a/an or the.

That means Лікар оглянув кістку could mean:

• The doctor examined the bone
• A doctor examined a bone
• The doctor examined a bone

Which one is meant depends on context.

English requires articles, but Ukrainian usually leaves that information unstated unless context makes it clear.

Оглянув usually means examined, inspected, or looked over carefully, not just a quick glance.

So in a medical context, Лікар оглянув кістку suggests that the doctor examined the bone.

It comes from the verb оглянути, which often implies a completed inspection or examination.

Because дивився на means looked at, while оглянув means something more like examined/inspected.

Compare:

• Лікар дивився на кістку. = The doctor was looking at the bone.
• Лікар оглянув кістку. = The doctor examined the bone.

So оглянув is a better choice if the doctor is actively checking it in a medical or professional way.

Оглянути is perfective.

That means it presents the action as completed: the doctor finished the examination.

So оглянув means something like:

• examined
• finished examining
• gave it an examination

The imperfective partner is usually оглядати or оглядати / оглядати something repeatedly or as a process, depending on context.

Very roughly:

• оглянув = completed action
• оглядав = was examining / examined repeatedly / was in the process of examining

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Лікар оглянув кістку.

But you could also say:

• Кістку оглянув лікар.
• Оглянув лікар кістку. (less neutral, more marked)

These versions can shift emphasis:

• putting кістку first may emphasize the bone
• putting лікар later may emphasize who did it

The basic meaning stays the same because кістку is still in the accusative.

Because кістку is the accusative singular of кістка.

The plural of кістка is кістки.

For example:

• Лікар оглянув кістку. = The doctor examined the bone.
• Лікар оглянув кістки. = The doctor examined the bones.

So the -у ending here shows a singular object.

A helpful approximate pronunciation is:

LEE-kar oh-HLYA-noov KEES-tkoo

A few notes:

• лікар = LEE-kar
• оглянув has a гл/гля cluster, and the stress is on -лян-
• кістку = KEES-tkoo

The Ukrainian и and і are different sounds, but in this sentence you only have і, which is close to English ee in see.

Кістка is inanimate.

That matters because in Ukrainian, the accusative behaves differently for animate and inanimate nouns, especially in the masculine.

For feminine singular nouns like кістка, the accusative often gets its own ending:

• кістка → кістку

For masculine nouns:

• inanimate accusative often looks like nominative
• animate accusative often looks like genitive

So learning whether a noun is animate or inanimate is useful, even though here the main thing to notice is simply кістка → кістку.

Yes. Лікар is the usual Ukrainian word for a medical doctor, and in English it can often be translated as doctor or physician, depending on style and context.

So this sentence could be translated naturally as:

• The doctor examined the bone.
• The physician examined the bone.

In everyday English, doctor is the more common translation.