Hasta virüs yüzünden baygındı.

A natural breakdown is:

• hasta = the patient or the sick person
• virüs = virus
• yüzünden = because of / due to
• baygındı = was unconscious / was fainted out

So the structure is basically:

[subject] + [cause phrase] + [predicate]

That is very normal in Turkish, especially with the predicate at the end.

Turkish often does not use a separate verb like English to be in this kind of sentence. Instead, the idea of was is added directly to the adjective or noun.

Here:

• baygın = unconscious
• baygındı = was unconscious

So the past tense copula is attached to the predicate instead of appearing as a separate word.

baygındı comes from:

• baygın = unconscious, faint
• -dı = past tense form of the copula, giving was

So:

• baygın → unconscious
• baygındı → was unconscious

This is a very common pattern in Turkish:

• mutlu = happy

• mutluydu = was happy

• hasta = sick
• hastaydı = was sick

Because baygın ends in a consonant, the ending attaches directly: baygın + dı.

yüzünden means because of or due to.

In modern Turkish, it works like a postposition that follows the cause:

• virüs yüzünden = because of the virus
• yağmur yüzünden = because of the rain
• senin yüzünden = because of you

A useful nuance: yüzünden often sounds natural when the cause is something negative, unfortunate, or unwanted. Since a virus is clearly negative, it fits very well here.

Because yüzünden normally follows the noun directly.

So you say:

• virüs yüzünden
• trafik yüzünden
• hava yüzünden

not usually:

• virüsten yüzünden

You can think of yüzünden as a fixed unit meaning because of. The noun before it usually appears without an extra case ending.

With pronouns, you often get forms like:

• benim yüzümden = because of me
• senin yüzünden = because of you

It can mean either, depending on context.

• as an adjective: sick / ill
• as a noun: patient

In this sentence, hasta is most naturally understood as the patient or the sick person.

So the sentence could be understood as:

• The patient was unconscious because of the virus.
• or The sick person was unconscious because of the virus.

Context tells you which one is meant.

Turkish does not have articles like English the and a/an in the same way.

Whether something is a patient or the patient usually depends on context.

• hasta can mean the patient, a patient, or just patient/sick person depending on the situation.
• If Turkish wants to make something explicitly indefinite, it can use bir.

For example:

• Bir hasta baygındı. = A patient was unconscious.

Without bir, the noun is often understood from context, and English translators choose the or a depending on what sounds best.

English usually prefers:

The patient was unconscious because of the virus.

Turkish often puts the main predicate at the end:

Hasta virüs yüzünden baygındı.

So Turkish here is:

• Hasta = subject
• virüs yüzünden = cause phrase
• baygındı = final predicate

This predicate-final pattern is one of the most important differences between English and Turkish.

You could move parts around for emphasis, but the ending baygındı is very typical.

Sometimes, but baygın more literally means unconscious, faint, or passed out as a state.

So:

• baygındı = was unconscious / was faint / was passed out

If you want the action fainted, Turkish would more often use a verb such as bayıldı:

• Hasta bayıldı. = The patient fainted.

So baygındı describes the condition, while bayıldı describes the event.

Yes. A common alternative is nedeniyle, which also means because of / due to.

For example:

• Hasta virüs nedeniyle baygındı.

This is very close in meaning to the original sentence.

The difference is mostly nuance and style:

• yüzünden is very common and often used with negative causes
• nedeniyle can sound a bit more formal or neutral

In this sentence, both work, but yüzünden sounds very natural because the cause is something bad.

Yes, very often. Turkish frequently drops things that are already clear from context.

So if everyone already knows who is being talked about, you might hear:

• Virüs yüzünden baygındı. = He/She/The patient was unconscious because of the virus.

Turkish allows this because context often supplies the missing subject.

In your sentence, hasta is included to make the subject explicit.