Ben çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum.

Ben means I, but it is often optional in Turkish.

The verb çıkarıyorum already shows first person singular through the ending -um, so Çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum already means I am taking out the trash.

Using ben can add:

• emphasis
• contrast

For example, Ben çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum can sound like I’m the one taking out the trash or I am taking out the trash.

Turkish does not have articles like the or a/an.

Here, definiteness is shown by the direct object ending on çöpü. The -ü is the accusative ending, and it usually marks a specific/definite direct object.

So:

• çöp = trash / garbage
• çöpü = the trash / the specific trash

That is why this sentence is understood as I am taking out the trash, not just I am taking out trash in a vague sense.

Because çöp is the direct object of the verb, and here it is specific.

Turkish often marks a specific direct object with the accusative ending:

• -ı
• -i
• -u
• -ü

Since the last vowel in çöp is ö, the correct form is çöpü because of vowel harmony.

Compare:

• çöp çıkarıyorum = I am taking out trash / doing trash-taking-out as an activity
• çöpü çıkarıyorum = I am taking out the trash

Not necessarily. In Turkish, çöp is often used as a collective or mass noun, much like trash or garbage in English.

So çöpü can naturally mean:

• the trash
• the garbage

It does not need to be plural.

If you wanted to refer to multiple specific pieces or bags of trash, you might use çöpleri, but in everyday speech çöpü is very natural for the trash as a whole.

Dışarı means outside or out.

In this sentence, it tells you the direction of the action:

• çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum = I am taking the trash out / outside

It works very naturally as an adverb here.

Both can be possible, but dışarı is very common and natural.

Turkish often uses dışarı by itself to mean movement toward the outside:

• dışarı çıkmak = to go out
• çöpü dışarı çıkarmak = to take the trash out

Dışarıya is a bit more explicitly directional, like to outside, but in many everyday sentences dışarı is enough and sounds more natural.

Because çıkmak and çıkarmak are different verbs.

• çıkmak = to go out, come out, exit
• çıkarmak = to take out, remove, cause to come out

So:

• Ben dışarı çıkıyorum = I am going out
• Ben çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum = I am taking the trash out

In your sentence, there is an object, çöpü, so you need the transitive verb çıkarmak.

It breaks down like this:

• çıkar- = verb stem from çıkarmak
• -ıyor = present continuous marker
• -um = first person singular ending

So çıkarıyorum means I am taking out.

This is a very useful pattern in Turkish:

• geliyorum = I am coming
• yapıyorum = I am doing
• çıkarıyorum = I am taking out

The sentence uses the present continuous with -(i)yor.

So çıkarıyorum most directly means:

• I am taking out
• I’m taking out

Depending on context, this form can sometimes also be used for:

• something happening right now
• something currently in progress
• sometimes a near-future plan

But here the most natural reading is I am taking out the trash.

The most neutral order here is:

• Ben = subject
• çöpü = object
• dışarı = adverb/direction
• çıkarıyorum = verb

Turkish is usually verb-final, so putting the verb at the end is very normal.

The order can change for emphasis, though, because Turkish is fairly flexible:

• Çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum
• Ben çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum
• Çöpü ben dışarı çıkarıyorum

These all can work, but they may emphasize different parts. The version you gave is a normal, natural sentence.

Yes. In fact, Çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum is often the more natural everyday version.

Because Turkish verbs show the subject clearly, personal pronouns are often dropped unless you want emphasis or contrast.

So:

• Ben çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum = I am taking out the trash
• Çöpü dışarı çıkarıyorum = I am taking out the trash

Both are correct.

To make it negative:

• Ben çöpü dışarı çıkarmıyorum.
• I am not taking out the trash.

To make it a yes/no question:

• Ben çöpü dışarı çıkarıyor muyum?
• Am I taking out the trash?

A useful thing to notice is that Turkish uses a separate question particle:

• mu / mü / mı / mi

So the question form is not made by changing word order like in English.