Dikkatsiz davranırsan sıcak çayı üstüne dökebilirsin.

davranırsan comes from:

• davran- = to act / behave
• -ır = aorist marker
• -sa = if
• -n = you (2nd person singular)

So davranırsan literally means if you act / if you behave.

In Turkish, this kind of aorist + conditional form is very common for general warnings and cause-and-effect statements.

Yes, dikkatsiz is basically an adjective meaning careless / inattentive, but in Turkish many adjectives can also function adverbially without needing a separate adverb form.

So:

• dikkatsiz davranmak = to behave carelessly

You could also say dikkatsizce davranmak, which is more explicitly adverbial, but dikkatsiz davranmak is very natural and common.

Because çayı has the accusative ending -ı, which marks a specific/definite direct object.

• sıcak çay = hot tea, in a more general or indefinite sense
• sıcak çayı = the hot tea / that hot tea, something specific

In this sentence, the tea is understood as a particular tea you are holding or dealing with, so the accusative makes sense.

Here, üstüne means onto you / on yourself.

It comes from üst meaning top / upper part / on, with possessive and case endings added. In everyday Turkish, forms like üstüne dökmek are commonly used for spilling something on someone’s body or clothes.

So in this sentence:

• sıcak çayı üstüne dökebilirsin = you might spill the hot tea on yourself

Because the sentence is addressing you, üstüne is understood as onto you.

Turkish often does not need a separate reflexive word where English uses yourself.

The idea is already expressed by the form üstüne, and the rest is understood from context and the verb ending.

You could sometimes use kendine, but with spilling liquids, üstüne dökmek or üzerine dökmek is usually the more natural expression for spill on yourself / on your clothes / on your body.

dökebilirsin is built like this:

• dök- = spill / pour
• -e bil- = can / be able to
• -ir = aorist
• -sin = you

So literally it is you can spill.

But in a warning like this, it often means something closer to:

• you might spill
• you could end up spilling

So it expresses possibility, not just physical ability.

Because Turkish often uses the aorist for general truths, habits, and predictable results.

This sentence is not talking about one exact future moment in a highly specific way. It is giving a general warning:

• If you act carelessly, you might spill the hot tea on yourself.

That kind of statement is exactly where the aorist is very natural in Turkish.

Because Turkish verb endings already show the person.

• davranırsan already contains you
• dökebilirsin also already contains you

So adding sen is usually unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• Sen dikkatsiz davranırsan... would sound more emphatic, like if you are careless...

Yes, Turkish word order is flexible, but the given order is very natural.

The sentence is arranged as:

• condition first: Dikkatsiz davranırsan
• result second: sıcak çayı üstüne dökebilirsin

This is a very common pattern in Turkish.

You can move parts around for emphasis, but the verb usually stays near the end. For example:

• Sıcak çayı üstüne dökebilirsin, dikkatsiz davranırsan.

That is possible, but the original sounds more neutral and natural.

In this context, both can work and mean roughly the same thing:

• üstüne
• üzerine

Both can mean onto you / onto it / on top of depending on context.

Very generally:

• üstüne often sounds a bit more everyday and conversational
• üzerine can sound a bit fuller or slightly more formal/neutral

So this sentence could also be said as:

• Dikkatsiz davranırsan sıcak çayı üzerine dökebilirsin.

But üstüne is perfectly natural.

Yes. You could say:

• Dikkatsizce davranırsan sıcak çayı üstüne dökebilirsin.

That is grammatical and natural.

The difference is small:

• dikkatsiz davranmak = very common, straightforward
• dikkatsizce davranmak = also correct, a bit more explicitly carelessly

In everyday speech, many speakers would simply use dikkatsiz davranmak.