Taze kahve kokusu mutfağı sardı.

Because kahve kokusu is a common Turkish noun compound.

• koku = smell, scent
• kokusu = its smell / the smell of it

In this kind of structure, the first noun names what something is related to, and the second noun usually takes a 3rd-person possessive ending:

• kahve kokusu = coffee smell / the smell of coffee
• ev kapısı = house door / the door of a house
• araba sesi = car sound / the sound of a car

So kokusu is the normal form here.

Both are possible, but they mean slightly different things.

• kahve kokusu = coffee smell / the smell of coffee in a general descriptive sense
• kahvenin kokusu = the smell of the coffee, referring to a more specific coffee

In this sentence, kahve kokusu sounds more natural because it describes the kind of smell filling the kitchen. It is more like a label: fresh coffee smell.

Grammatically, taze most directly modifies kahve.

So the phrase is literally:

• taze kahve kokusu = fresh coffee smell

In natural English, that usually becomes the smell of fresh coffee.

If Turkish wanted to emphasize that the smell itself was fresh, it would usually be phrased differently. Here the normal reading is that the coffee is fresh.

Because two things are happening:

1. It takes the accusative ending -ı.
2. Final k often softens to ğ before a vowel-initial suffix.

So:

• mutfak
  • -ı → mutfağı

This is a very common sound change in Turkish:

• çocuk → çocuğu
• renk → rengi
• kulak → kulağı

So mutfağı is the correct suffixed form of mutfak.

Because it is the definite direct object of the verb sardı.

The thing doing the action is:

• Taze kahve kokusu = the smell of fresh coffee

The thing affected by the action is:

• mutfağı = the kitchen

Turkish often marks a specific/definite direct object with the accusative. Since this sentence is talking about the kitchen, a specific place, the accusative is used.

Because Turkish is structuring the sentence differently.

English often says:

• The smell of fresh coffee filled the kitchen

Turkish does the same kind of thing here: the kitchen is the direct object, not just a location.

• mutfağı sardı = enveloped/filled the kitchen

If you said mutfakta, that would mean in the kitchen, and the sentence would be built differently. But with sarmak in this sense, Turkish naturally treats the place as what gets surrounded or filled.

It comes from the verb sarmak.

Literal meanings of sarmak include:

• to wrap
• to surround
• to encircle

But it is also used figuratively for things like:

• smells
• smoke
• darkness
• silence
• fog

So in this sentence sardı means something like:

• filled
• spread through
• enveloped

It is a very natural choice for a smell moving through a space.

Sardı is the simple past tense, 3rd person singular.

Breakdown:

• sar- = verb stem
• -dı = past tense

So sardı means wrapped/surrounded/filled in the past.

There is no separate word for he/she/it here, because Turkish often leaves the subject implicit or expresses it with a noun phrase instead. In this sentence, the subject is already stated:

• Taze kahve kokusu

Yes. This is a very typical Turkish order:

• Subject: Taze kahve kokusu
• Object: mutfağı
• Verb: sardı

So it follows the common Turkish SOV pattern: subject–object–verb.

Turkish word order is somewhat flexible, so you could move parts around for emphasis, but this version is very natural and neutral.

Because Turkish does not have articles like English a/an and the.

Instead, Turkish shows these ideas through:

• context
• word order
• case marking
• sometimes number or other markers

In this sentence:

• mutfağı is understood as a definite object partly because of the accusative ending
• kahve kokusu is understood naturally from context without an article

So when translating into English, you usually have to add the or a, even though Turkish does not say them directly.