Parktaki heykel çok beğenildi.

Parktaki means the one in the park or in the park when it modifies a noun.

It is built like this:

• park = park
• parkta = in the park
• parktaki = the one that is in the park / the one in the park

So:

• parktaki heykel = the statue in the park

The ending -ki turns the location phrase parkta into something that can describe a noun.

In this sentence, -ki makes a phrase act like an adjective.

• parkta = in the park
• parktaki = in-the-park / the one in the park

So instead of saying something like the statue which is in the park, Turkish can simply say parktaki heykel.

This is a very common pattern:

• masadaki kitap = the book on the table
• evdeki çocuk = the child in the house
• parktaki heykel = the statue in the park

Because of consonant assimilation in the locative suffix.

The locative suffix is:

• -da / -de
• but after a voiceless consonant, it becomes -ta / -te

Since park ends in k, which is voiceless, you get:

• parkta = in the park
• parktaki = the one in the park

So parkdaki would be incorrect.

Because heykel is the grammatical subject of this passive sentence.

Compare:

• Active: Birileri parktaki heykeli çok beğendi.
  = Someone liked the statue in the park very much.

Here, heykeli is the direct object, so it takes the accusative ending -i.

• Passive: Parktaki heykel çok beğenildi.
  = The statue in the park was liked very much.

Now the statue becomes the subject of the sentence, so it appears as plain heykel, without the accusative ending.

It breaks down like this:

• beğen- = like, admire, appreciate
• -il- = passive marker
• -di = past tense

So:

• beğenmek = to like / admire
• beğenilmek = to be liked / admired
• beğenildi = was liked / was admired

This is why the whole sentence means that the statue received a lot of appreciation, without saying exactly who did the appreciating.

Yes, beğenildi is passive.

Turkish often uses the passive when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or just not mentioned.

So:

• Parktaki heykel çok beğenildi.
  = The statue in the park was liked very much.

The sentence does not say who liked it. It could mean:

• many people liked it
• visitors liked it
• people in general liked it

If you want an active version, you could say:

• İnsanlar parktaki heykeli çok beğendi.
  = People liked the statue in the park very much.

Because çok is modifying the verb here.

In this sentence, çok beğenildi means:

• was liked a lot
• was greatly admired

In Turkish, adverbs often come before the verb they modify, especially in neutral word order.

Compare:

• çok güzel = very beautiful
  Here çok modifies an adjective.
• çok beğenildi = was liked a lot
  Here çok modifies a verb.

Turkish does not have articles like English a and the.

That means nouns often appear without a separate article, and definiteness is understood from context.

So heykel can mean:

• a statue
• the statue

In this sentence, parktaki heykel is naturally understood as a specific statue, so in English it is usually translated as the statue in the park.

The most neutral word order here is:

• Parktaki heykel çok beğenildi.

This is natural and standard.

Turkish word order is somewhat flexible, so parts can move for emphasis, but the neutral pattern usually keeps the verb at the end.

For example, you might also hear something like:

• Çok beğenildi parktaki heykel.

This is possible, but it sounds more marked or emphatic. A learner should use Parktaki heykel çok beğenildi as the default version.

The letter ğ in Turkish is not pronounced like a hard English g.

In beğenildi, it is usually very soft and may simply lengthen or smooth the vowels around it. So the word is not pronounced like beg-enildi.

A rough guide is:

• beğenildi ≈ beh-enildi or be-yenildi, depending on the speaker

The important point for learners is:

• do not pronounce ğ like the g in go
• think of it as a soft linker between vowels

Yes. Turkish often allows this when the noun is understood from context.

For example:

• Parktaki çok beğenildi.

This could mean something like The one in the park was liked a lot, if the listener already knows you are talking about a statue, painting, bench, etc.

But in your sentence, the noun is stated explicitly:

• parktaki heykel = the statue in the park

That makes the sentence clearer, especially for learners.