Kedi perdeleri tırmalayıp duruyor.

The cat keeps scratching the curtains.

Breakdown of Kedi perdeleri tırmalayıp duruyor.

• kedi: the cat
• perde: the curtain
• tırmalayıp durmak: to keep scratching

Questions & Answers about Kedi perdeleri tırmalayıp duruyor.

What extra meaning does the -ıp duruyor construction add?

It means the action is done repeatedly or persistently, often with an annoying, “won’t stop” tone. So it’s like saying “keeps (on) V‑ing” or “won’t stop V‑ing.” Without duruyor, the sentence would simply be a neutral ongoing action (“is V‑ing”) without that persistent/annoyed nuance.

Why is it tırmalayıp duruyor and not tırmalıyor duruyor?

Because durmak acts like an auxiliary here and the first verb must be in the converb form -Ip. You can’t chain two finite verbs. The pattern is:

• Verb1 in -Ip
  • auxiliary verb (here durmak in -yor) So: tırmala-y-ıp dur-uyor = “keeps scratching.”

How is tırmalayıp formed?

• Root: tırmala- “to scratch”
• Converb: -Ip (harmonizes as -ıp after a back vowel)
• Buffer consonant: -y- is inserted because the stem ends in a vowel Result: tırmala + y + ıp → tırmalayıp

What exactly is going on in perdeleri?

It’s a definite plural direct object:

• perde “curtain”
• -ler plural → perdeler “curtains”
• -(y)i accusative (definite object) → perdeleri “the curtains” (as a specific object)

Turkish marks definite/specific direct objects with the accusative; that’s why -i is there.

Could perdeleri also mean “their curtains”? How do I tell?

Yes, in writing perdeleri is ambiguous:

• perde-ler-i = “the curtains” (plural + accusative)
• perde-leri = “their curtains” (3rd person plural possessive)

Context usually resolves it. If “their curtains” is intended as a definite object, you typically see the accusative on top of the possessive: perdelerini (“their curtains” + ACC). To make it crystal clear, add the possessor: onların perdelerini.

Why is there no “the” or “a” before kedi or perdeleri?

Turkish has no articles. Definiteness is shown by context and case-marking. Here:

• kedi can mean “the cat” or “a cat,” depending on context.
• perdeleri is definite because it has the accusative -i.

Why not perdelere (dative) instead of perdeleri (accusative)? English says “scratch at.”

In Turkish, tırmalamak is a transitive verb that takes a direct object in the accusative. So you normally say bir şeyi tırmalamak (“scratch something”). The dative (-e/-a) would sound odd here. Some English prepositions don’t map directly to Turkish cases.

What would the sentence mean without duruyor, just with tırmalıyor?

It would be a simple ongoing action: “is scratching the curtains” (neutral). Adding -ıp duruyor adds the idea of persistence/repetition, often with mild irritation: “keeps scratching (won’t stop).”

How would I say it if the curtains weren’t specific (indefinite)?

With an indefinite object, Turkish typically drops the accusative, and often the plural too:

• Kedi perde tırmalıyor. = “The/A cat is scratching curtains (in general).” You could also keep the plural for emphasis on plurality: Kedi perdeler tırmalıyor, but the singular object is more common in the indefinite reading.

Can I omit kedi?

Yes. Turkish is pro‑drop. If context makes the subject clear, you can say:

• Perdeleri tırmalayıp duruyor. = “(He/She/It) keeps scratching the curtains.”

Can I change the word order?

Yes; basic order is S–O–V, but you can front elements for emphasis:

• Perdeleri kedi tırmalayıp duruyor. (emphasis on “the curtains”)
• Kedi tırmalayıp duruyor perdeleri. (possible but marked; standard is to keep the object before the verb complex) The finite verb still comes last.

Are there other natural ways to say “keeps scratching” without durmak?

Yes. You can keep tırmalıyor and add an adverb:

• hep tırmalıyor
• sürekli tırmalıyor
• durmadan tırmalıyor These are more neutral; -ıp durmak often hints at annoyance.

What’s the register/tone of -ıp durmak?

Colloquial and expressive. It often implies the speaker is bothered: “keeps doing it (and it’s irritating).” In formal writing you might see alternatives like sürekli or durmaksızın.

Why is the progressive on durmak (duruyor) and not on tırmalamak?

In this construction, durmak carries the progressive -yor because it’s the finite (auxiliary-like) verb. The lexical action verb takes the converb -Ip form. That’s the standard pattern for these serial/auxiliary constructions in Turkish.