Kuzey cephesinde güneş az; güney cephesinde çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyor.

It literally means “on its facade/side.” Morphology:

• cephe = facade/side/front (of a building)
• -si = 3rd person possessive “its” → cephesi “its facade”
• -nde = locative “on/in/at,” with the buffer n that appears after 3rd person possessive → cephesinde “on its facade/side”

Compare:

• cephede = on the facade (no possessive)
• evinde = in his/her house (ev + -i + -nde)
• kitabında = in his/her book (kitap + -ı + -nda)

In Turkish, parts of a specific object are often marked as possessed by that object even if it’s understood from context. Here, the building is understood, so you get:

• kuzey cephesi = “its north facade/side (of the building)”
• kuzey cephesinde = “on its north facade/side”

Saying kuzey cephede is grammatical but less idiomatic if you mean the side of a particular building you’re talking about.

• kuzeyde = “in the north” (a region/direction on a map)
• kuzey cephesinde = “on the north-facing side/facade” (of a building or structure)

Here we’re contrasting sides of the same building, so cephesi(nde) is the natural choice.

Turkish often drops var when the meaning is clear. Both are fine:

• Güneş az. → “There’s little sun.” (focus on “sun”)
• Az güneş var. → “There is little sun.” (focus on the quantity “little”)

The choice slightly shifts emphasis but not the core meaning.

The semicolon (as in English) links two closely related independent clauses and highlights contrast:

• Kuzey cephesinde güneş az; güney cephesinde çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyor. You could also write:
• Kuzey cephesinde güneş az, güney cephesinde ise çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyor.
• Kuzey cephesinde güneş az ama güney cephesinde çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyor.

In Turkish, many adjectives double as adverbs. Hızlı kuruyor is perfectly normal. Nuances:

• hızlı = fast/at high speed (neutral)
• çabuk = quickly/soon (more idiomatic for “dry quickly”)
• hızlıca exists but is less common here

Most natural: Çamaşırlar güney cephesinde çabuk kuruyor.

With inanimate plural subjects, Turkish commonly uses 3rd person singular on the verb:

• Çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyor. (most common)
• Çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyorlar. (also correct; can sound more emphatic or colloquial)

• kuruyor (present continuous) = “are drying (now/these days/in this situation).”
• kurur (aorist) = general truth/habit: “(things) dry (there) quickly.”

So:

• Situation-specific: Güney cephesinde çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyor.
• Generalization: Güney cephesinde çamaşırlar hızlı kurur.

Turkish is flexible with word order for emphasis. Fronting the location sets the contrast:

• Güney cephesinde (as for the south side), çamaşırlar hızlı kuruyor. Alternative orders shift focus:
• Çamaşırlar güney cephesinde hızlı kuruyor. (focus on what happens to the clothes)
• Çamaşırlar hızlı güney cephesinde kuruyor. (unusual; avoid splitting that way)

After 3rd person possessive (-si/-sı/-su/-sü), Turkish inserts a linker n before case endings, including the locative:

• cephe → cephesi (its facade) → cephesinde (on its facade) Without possession: cephede (no n).

Yes, kuruyor comes from kurumak (to dry, become dry) — intransitive.

• Çamaşırlar kuruyor. = The clothes are drying.
• Güneş çamaşırları kurutuyor. = The sun is drying the clothes. (kurutmak is transitive/causative.)

Turkish has no articles. Definiteness is from context:

• çamaşırlar can mean “the clothes” (specific) or “clothes” (generic), depending on what’s understood.
• If you need to be explicit: bu cephede, o çamaşırlar, binanın güney cephesinde, etc.

Yes:

• Kuzey tarafında güneş az; güney tarafında çamaşırlar çabuk kuruyor.
• Kuzeye bakan cephede güneş az; güneye bakan cephede çamaşırlar çabuk kuruyor.
• Binanın kuzey cephesinde güneş az; güney cephesinde çamaşırlar çabuk kurur. (general truth)